Ernest Hemingway

If Ernest Hemingway sole legacy were his theory of omission and nothing more or nothing else, he still arguably would be the singe most influential writer of his generation and all the great writers who followed. It is a rarity to find any writer worth his salt who has not been influenced the theory that the writer could and may be should take the liberty of omitting some things in his narrative as long as he was confident of them and the reader would feel them as strongly as though the reader had narrated them.Though Hemingway often countered the existence of and the significance of The Lost generation( a term he even had ridiculed as â€Å"splendid bombast† on the part of Gertrude Stein, to whom goes the credit of coining the term), yet he has been inseparably linked with it and considered by many as the leader of the movement. The Lost Generation, so vividly brought to the fore of the reader’s knowledge in â€Å"The Sun also Rises† describes the generation whi ch faced the World War I and discovered that the right deeds did not always beget good results.No longer able to rely on their traditional beliefs that gave a completeness and meaning to life, a whole generation became morally, and psychologically lost. Their whole life is a meaning less wandering almost like an aimless journey they stagger through, hiding their un-understood anguish in alcohol and false boisterous ness of Jazz( as depicted by Scott Fitzerald). Zelda and Scott Fitzerald seem to be the characters on which the caricatures of Cohn and his domineering girlfriend are depicted in TheSAR, throught the eyes of Jake.The themes, which are dealt with in the unique Hemingway style in â€Å"The Sun also Rises† are The aimless ness of the lost Generation, Male Insecurity, The Destructive ness of sex. Though the underlying sympathy towards his times is evident the themes that are dealt with in A Farewell to Arms are The Grim reality of War, The seemingly cause and effect re lationship between Love and Pain, and Illusions and Fantasies. To make the comparison and the contrast clearer it is better to look at the two works one at a time.In A farewell to Arms, as the title is indicative the novel deals with the process by which the Protagonist Frederic Henry removes himself from it and leaves it behind. The novel contains unparalleled descriptions of the brutality and meaningless ness of war without the romanticism associated with the regular genre of War novels. The scenes dealing with the retreat of the Italian Army, where along with the loss of columns of soldiers, there is a general loss of moral judgment and nerves.The moral ambiguity of Henry shooting the engineer for refusing to help free the car is a symbol of the inexplicable escalation of violence (more in the mind, where it originates) and the disorder of the war. The game of Love that Henry and Catherine begin as a distraction from their respective pains and troubles, Henry to detach himself fr om the troubling reality of a meaningless war and Catherine to put the loss of her Fiance behind her are symbolic of the emotional bankruptcy that is the results of turbulent times. Soon their Love turns from a distraction to the very core of their being.Henry’s understanding of the strength of his love for Catherine helps him over reach the empty ideals of honor in a war that never belonged to him. This enables him to flee the war and seek her out and they plan an idyllic life that is meant to be a salve for both their troubled life. However, the tragedy of the novel rests in the fact that in a world plagued by problems that are mostly unexplained and incomprehensible, even true love can only be temporary. The most convincing expression of tragedy comes when Henry says â€Å"If people bring so much courage to this world the world has to kill them to break them, so of course it kills them.The world breaks every one and afterward many are strong at the broken places† In the Sun also Rises, the entire overwhelming aimless ness of a whole generation who never seem to take their lives, emotions, love or goals, as anything important is the all-pervading theme. Though Hemingway never explicitly mentions the aimless ness, it is for all to sense in the way each of the character tries to fill hi/her days with drinking, dancing and debauchery as though they were the very essence on which their existence hinged.The novel also deals in symbols and through technique, the confusion over the entire idea of Masculinity. The ambiguity brought about by the World War where against the common perceptions of men, soldiers were required to huddle in trenches and pray more for luck than anything else was totally against the masculinity the world had understood till then. In making clear through subtle conversations that Jake is rendered impotent by the war, Hemingway also goes ahead and picturizes the other characters be it the womanizing Cohen, Drunkard Mike or Bill i n ways that do not convey the masculinity associated with them.â€Å"I can’t stand it to think my life is going so fast and I’m not really living it. † Says Cohen in a sudden moment of clarity, which pretty much seems to sum up his entire generation. The motifs in The Farewell to arms are Masculinity, Games and divertissement in relations and loyalty versus abandonment. Where as in The Sun also Rises, he deals primarily with lack of communication (no primary character, unless either drunk or in an extremely painful situation ever conducts a communicating conversation, preferring to brood and languish in the non-comprehension.), Excessive drinking and False Friendships. Rain is a powerful symbol for pain and loneliness and helplessness in The Farewell to arms where as in The Sun also Rises it is the Bullfighting that is a poignant symbol of masculinity, the romanticism inextricably attached to cruelty. It is pertinent to note that the Personal life of Ernest Hemi ngway seeps through most of his novels, his beliefs, his confusions in life, his pain and suffering and his compromises or the lack of them.One can see and speculate on the Hunter, the fond Fisherman, soldier and reporter and the writers who populate his novels as depictions of the various stages of Hemingway’s life. There is rarely another write in American Literature who can justifiably lay claim to have seen, touched and felt about most circumstances that he is writing about (or in Hemingway’s case indicating but omitting). Hemingway lived the life of several of his protagonists and many who read his biography rarely come up with a question as to why he had to commit suicide.A person who lived life mostly on his won terms and felt so deeply for human suffering in times of turbulence, and clung on to a value system he wanted to survive in spite of the vagaries of the war, could not have possibly let fate decide his end. From Three stories & ten poems to The Old man a nd the sea through the path breaking For whom the bell tolls or the two other works discussed in these pages, Hemingway has enriched this period of American literature with his writings. Books referred to but not quoted Ernest Hemingway A reconsideration by Philip Young Penn state Press 1966

Colonization in Annie John Essay

Martha Lee ENG 92W 4/13/10 In Annie John, the lasting effects of Antigua’s colonization are reflected through Kincaid paralleling her own experiences with those of the West Indian colonies where she has lived. In, Columbus in Chains, the issues of Antiguan colonialism and postcolonial culture are apparent in the text, beginning with Annie’s discussion of the history of slavery in Antigua through Ruth. â€Å"l could see how Ruth felt from looking at her face. Her ancestors had been the masters, while ours had been the salves. She had such a lot to be ashamed of, and by being with us e very day she was always eing reminded† (Kincaid 76). Annie believes that Ruth possesses an innate sense of guilt because black people were once enslaved by white and everyone knew. She pities Ruth knowing that she knows less about the West Indies than them. Through the interaction of these two girls, Kincaid provides an individualized perspective upon the dynamics of life in a colonial state. Annie also briefly comments on the irony of colonization, considering that, â€Å"all of us celebrated Queen Victoria’s birthday, but we, the descendants of slaves, knew quite well what had really happened† (Kincaid 76). The Antiguan children still celebrate even when they are aware that the British once enslaved them. Annie continues on the topic of colonization as she contemplates Columbus who returned to Spain imprisoned in chains. â€Å"King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella had sent [Columbus] back to Spain fettered in chains attached to the bottom of the ship. How I loved this picture†to see the usually triumphant Columbus, brought so low, seated at the bottom of a boat Just watching things go by’ (Kincaid 78). Annie enjoys seeing Columbus brought so low because he returned to Spain in the way that slaves were sent to the Americas. The phrase, â€Å"the great man can go nowhere† (Kincaid 78) resonates so strongly in her mind that she â€Å"[writes] it out with her fountain pen† (Kincaid 78). This act proves to be a heinous crime, that after the discovery by her teacher, Miss Edwards, â€Å"her whole face was on fire. Her eyes were bulging out of her head† (Kincaid 81). Miss Edwards is a representation of the English social order and has defined herself according to the rules of this order. Annie’s action against the discoverer of Antigua’s honor is against Miss Edwards’s system of belief so she refers to Annie’s action as blasphemous. (Kincaid 82). Because Columbus’s importance is essential to the colonial system, Annie’s act not only criticizes him, but also subverts the whole dominant colonial order. For this reason, Miss Edwards sees to it that Annie must be punished. Kincaid’s experiences clearly parallel the experiences of Antigua and it s colonization by its British protectorate. They are reflective of her own memories and feelings towards Antigua’s colonization, and through Annie John’s Journey, gives insight into how a once controlled culture seeks its independence.

Reading the Sopranos

What has Carmela ever done for Feminism'? Introduction Feminism in a simple definition refers to women's movements, and feminism is a subject that is on going which has become a forum for debate in relation to television and film. My main focus will be feminism in the television series ‘The Sopranos' which will be used as a case study to examine the theory of feminism plus psychoanalysis and how it's inflicted on the screen.An academic book that I have selected will allow me to approach feminism in ‘The Sopranos' and I have also picked a certain chapter room the book â€Å"Reading The Sopranos' Edited by David Leaver, chapter 3 What has Carmela ever done for Feminism'? Carmela Soprano and the Post-Feminist Dilemma. This book will allow me to tackle the issues on feminism and psychoanalysis by using the case study and relevant examples.Feminism is seen as a form of defending women's rights and making them equal with men, and Carmela attempts to oppose this on Tony by stat ing that she's not asking for fifty/fly Just some support, â€Å"I'm not saying fifty/fifty, but Jeez† (Leaver, 2006. PAP). Carmela might blame Tony for the way she is Just a mother and housewife. Although if we look at this from a Marxist point of view they suggest that it's not about men, it's about the upper class. They are the reason for inequality and the reason why women and men are oppressed. Doesn't anything ever change? â€Å", Carmela isn't happy with the way things are she's indirectly implying she wants more a career, to be able to work, although can't have it because of her husband. Carmela Soprano isn't asking to be the same as Tony, however Just some rights to give her a break, she contradicts herself as states she's no feminist but wants some rights. Carmela doesn't trust feminism that much as she relies on her husband, and has been dependent on him and doesn't know what to do.She finds herself in a confusing position in terms of her life style as feminism ha s been given an unpleasant label by the media institutions makes her feel weary whether she should be a feminist or not. Carmela superficially strongly rejects that feminism is an elitist practice but she secretly inside believes that it is an elitist practice, the reason she rejects this is because she knows she will never be that so finds comfort in rejecting. That's why here is a slight envious feel for her daughter, Meadow who might Just be on her way to her mother's dreams.Psychoanalysis developed by Sigmund Freud is the behavior of people, the drives of the unconscious. Tony and Carmela often suppress things and let them slide through to the unconscious suppressing their emotions. Psychoanalysis asserts that the lead to the development of adult emotional problems. (do in my own words and relate it to Corpsman feminism psychoanalysis) In ‘The Sopranos' we are presented with different types of women in regards to feminism.To some degree women are vital in demonstrating and driving the reiterative forward, as without them the concept changes in terms of genre and other aspects such as storyline as it will Just be a bunch of criminal men. Feminism has always been a key factor in such gangsters films such as ‘The Sopranos', ‘Godfather' (1972) directed by Francis Ford Copula, and ‘Godlessly' (1990) directed Martin Scores including many more as women play a crucial role as they reveal the men's persona away from the criminal, adulterous activities in their daily lives.Carmela Soprano married to Tony Soprano is aware of Tony's activities that he undertakes with his fellow friends, including his business that consists of a strip club named â€Å"Bad Being†. Tony is involved in what would be called organized crime and adultery, which Carmela knows about, however it seems that Carmela is refusing to accept what Tony does yet she doesn't refuse the lifestyle as well as money considering where it comes from.She attempts to balance the b ad aspects of her life by doing charitable deeds for friends, the priest, however she ends up contradicting herself. When she indirectly threaten a women (name, episode and series) to write a commendation letter to a college for her daughter, Meadow. ( quote from the book) Gangsters films compose of a similar narrative that is driven by set codes and conventions. Films that are similar to ‘The Sopranos' are ‘LA confidential',goodwill's' and the ‘Godfather' they all share similar qualities when talking about feminism.Having read the book based on Carmela Soprano, she appears as a confused character that isn't too sure of what she wants, she's an indecisive person. Carmela is in compromise as she chose this lifestyle, â€Å"but Carmela is no victim† (Leaver, 2006. PAP) there's no doubt about that she's not a victim. Carmela appears as a victim, although everything she does she does willing and with thought behind it.

The connection between Obama speech, human right, and right of the Essay

The connection between Obama speech, human right, and right of the child - Essay Example and Islamic countries. The speech made by Obama is interlaced with the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the Convention on the Rights of the Child. This paper will examine the three points, which the president, President Obama, and many other pundits had also discussed before, in relation to the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights mandate and the Rights of the Child resolution. These three points will be depicted in each paragraph, with highlights linking the former to the mainstream of Human Rights and the Rights of the Child mandated by the state. The last paragraph will denote the conclusive delineation of the researcher regarding these three narrow issues. The First Connection is Violence, Murder, and the War. In President Obama’s speech, he mentions the violent actions done by Islamic activists to other civilians as a form of a human rights violation. He cited the 9/11 event as an example of violence shown by Islamic activists to people, which had left a lo t of lifeless Americans; the living, fearful, and distressed (â€Å"Remarks by the President† 1). President Obama also highlighted in his speech the killings of children, as a result of wars, initiated by Islamic political activists like Al Qaeda. He recalled the time wherein many innocent children were killed during the 9/11 event as a result of a group’s hunger for revenge and power. Not only that they killed other races, but they also killed their own kind, as well (â€Å"Remarks by the President† 4). Furthermore, the latter, as part of President Obama’s speech, is an example wherein violation to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights takes place. It states that every person has â€Å"the right to live and to feel secured† (â€Å"Universal Declaration† 2). Since their sense of security is endangered, and their right to live a peaceful life is assaulted, a human right violation will take place. This scenario is also a violation of Artic le 19 paragraph 1 found in the Rights of a Child promulgation wherein it states that a child should be protected from physical violence and injuries (â€Å"Convention† 5). It is the duty of the State Parties, involved in the convention, to make sure that children are protected from violence and other forms of danger that affect their safety and well being as a person (5). The Second Connection is Education. The second connection, which can be can be found in President Obama’s speech, is the common desire of the people in the U.S. to achieve a good education (â€Å"Remarks by the President† 3). The right to have an education is in conformance with Article 26 in which education is a right for everyone to possess. With this mandate, education must be accessible and free for all people regardless of what race and status they have in life. Education should be a molding instrument to shape the personality and dignity of a person. It should also promote peace among nat ions through presenting a curriculum that brings understanding to the culture of other nations (â€Å"Universal Declaration† 6). This aspiration can also be found in the Rights of a Child Article 28, which states that education must be free and available to children (â€Å"Convention† 8). Just like what is mandated under Human Rights, elementary education must be provided to all children regardless of life status. Furthermore, it is the aim of the State Parties to eradicate illiteracy to all nations (8). With this on hand, the state

Why it is so difficult to evaluate the influence of women on Viking Essay

Why it is so difficult to evaluate the influence of women on Viking society - Essay Example The saga writers of the 13th century belonged to an oral tradition, which embraced written culture like the Holy Bible. It is characteristic of Scandinavian or Norse societies, that they had never had any hierarchical form of governing. But Viking societies now had a king, who served as a ruler, and men were the dominant group in the society and the family. All these social aspects were then highlighted in epics and romance. As a result, saga writing became a political act in gender relations under this situation. The ideological view of the binary opposition formed a kind of "stereoscopic" view on women as depicted in the sagas, paying special attention to gender roles and the contexts of these performances. First, when one looks at women's representation in one of the oldest forms of Icelandic literature, the 'Gylfaginning' saga, most of the gods are represented as warriors, and are thus heroic images. This depicts the social role of males as being the 'external' heroes and proves their dominance both in the society and in their own family. Goddesses such as Frigg and Freyji usually represented marriage, motherhood, fertility, love, household management and domestic art2. Frigg and Freyji are the highest goddesses from the sir and Vanir races. In addition to their divine images, they are always seen as role models for the moral code for Viking women. Oral literature or written sagas were the major entertainment for Vikings, so the sagas worked as 'social education', developing the stereotype and the binary ideology in the Viking society. With this change and suppression of the past, there still were "strong women" in oral sagas in the Viking age. But nevertheless women we re constrained from playing the role of remembering and preserving the connection with the past, and evoking it in a way that minimizes its potential disruption of, or threat to, the present symbolic order3. Additionally, because of changes in political, social and religious culture, Viking women have lost their power in the public sphere. That's why women in sagas have always been the subordinate group under the authority of the male in the family. As in the Laxdoela Saga, the father was the one who decided about Gudrd's first marriage to Thorvald, a man she did not love4. This fact shows that women were under male's authority and seldom appeared in public. They were powerful in their limited private surrounding, taking care of their household and family, but still faced the binary opposition that influenced their society and the role and power of Viking women. Ultimately, it has blurred or flattened the influence of female Vikings on Viking society. To understand the social and historical function of sagas in Old Norse society, it is necessary to see, how women were represented in early legislation, together with their life's depictions in archaeological documents. In the medieval Scandinavian culture and from my study of the sagas, Viking women were always signified and related to the household and to nurturing their family and children. We can see this from one of the oldest sagas in Northman Literature, the Saga

Motivation. (Literature review) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Motivation. (Literature review) - Essay Example Motivation in different areas of life and work is an important requisite and is perhaps the pathway for success in any field. Consequently, motivation is a widely recognized problem area and hence is an area of research for many years (Stauber, 31-47). As a result, there is a considerable body of literature in this area. This work would undertake a literature review on motivation applied to academic area (Rawsthorne and Elliot, 326-344). Thus, a simple strategy of literature search based on the key words, "academic", "motivation", and "academic motivation" was undertaken on the available literatures in both electronic and print media. Many journals have articles published on this topic, and the most recent were chosen to critically review them. Interesting to note is that a vast amount of literature is on management education. Mele, in his book, Motivation and Agency, has reviewed many studies to characterize motivation. Motivation is an animal instinct but is not universal across animal kingdom. Motivation is a goal-governed phenomenon. Motivated individuals have a capacity to represent goals. Therefore an attitude encompassed by motivation would have either a goal or a means to achieve it. Different individuals have different intensities of motivations, and an intentional agency to do something is always involved in a motivated attitude (Spera, 456-490). While applied to learning or motivation in academic education, it can happen in one of the two main forms, self-directed learning, where the learner has sufficient control over the process and hence over the purpose, form, content, and pace of the learning, and intrinsic motivation can only generate this. The other form of learning is expressive that need to be elucidated by the external environment, hence may need extrinsic stimulation, and goal always do not elucidate that (Mele, 4-58). Elliot and Dweck in their seminal work, competence and motivation, have correlated motivation to presence of competence, and in this book, in the section of motivation, they have conducted a literature review to define the elusive motivation. They have also commented that there are several different kinds of motivation, and as supported in the literature, the first kind of motivation is the motivation to achieve (Elliott and Dweck, 5-12). It has been demonstrated that people who are high in achievement motivation, take moderate risks and challenges to achieve. These people are attracted to tasks that are neither very hard nor very easy. These people often are motivated to strive constantly to better themselves and their accomplishments. The second kind of motivation is competence or self-efficacy motivation that refers to the persons' beliefs in their own ability to solve the problem at hand (Kinlaw and Kurtz-Costes, 295-311). Achievement motivations theorists tend to explain the ene rgization and direction of competence-based behaviour. The traditional motive theory has been replaced by finding casual attributions that are directed by the development of cognitive psychology (Boggiano, Barrett, Weiher, McClelland, and Lusk, 866-879). Debnath and coworkers deal with the problem of student motivation within the classroom, and the authors examine the influence of appropriate classroom

ISLAM. Shi'i and Sunni Muslims Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

ISLAM. Shi'i and Sunni Muslims - Research Paper Example Islam is articulated by the divine book, Holy Quran, and is a monotheistic religion. Quran is the text, which is regarded as the perfect word of God by its Muslim followers and by the teachings of Holy Prophet (PBUH). Muhammad (PBUH) is the last Prophet of Allah and the seal on all the prophets and marks the finality of the prophethood. An adherent, or a follower, of Islam is known as the Muslim. The Muslims, without doubt, believe that there is only One and Incomparable God and the purpose of the existence of entire humanity is to serve and love the Almighty Power. They are also of the firm belief that Islam is a full universal adaptation of the primitive faith which was sent at various places and times through Moses, Abraham, and Jesus, who were the prophets of God before the arrival of Holy Prophet (PBUH) (Raana, 2010). Majority of the Muslims in Islam are the Sunni followers these days. According to the etymology of the word Sunni, it is a very broad terms which has been derived from the word Sunnah, which means a ‘normal practice’ or ‘habit’. Sunnis exist from the time of the Holy Prophet (PBUH), and are generally considered as the orthodox, or conventional, form of the religion. They are considered to be the followers of one of the four schools of thoughts: Hanafi, Maliki, Shafii, and Hanbali. These schools differ from each other in the methodologies of interpreting and practicing the Islamic laws (Marranci, 2007). The formation of Sunni sect was the outcome of the election of Abu Bakar as the first successor of the Holy Prophet (PBUH). Ali had already got the candidature for the caliph but when the community chose the closest companion of Holy Prophet, the entire community got divided into two sects over this dispute. Those, who accepted and respected the legality and authority of Abu Bakar’s caliphate composed the majority of Muslims, were later called as â€Å"Sunni,† which means the â€Å"followers of [the Prophet’s] customs [sunna].† The

Police Character and Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Police Character and Ethics - Essay Example With this in mind, in terms of law enforcement, the Slippery Slope theory/philosophy represents the initial movement downward into undesirable actions which will make it difficult for the individual to halt these actions especially if they experience no negative consequences for the behavior. The Slippery Slope is linked closely with gratuities received by law enforcement officers. One notable Florida police sergeant defines police gratuities as â€Å"the receipt of free meals, services and discounts† (Andrews, 2004). Some might offer that taking such gratuities from local community members as a thank you for quality police service is unethical. This argument suggests that once an officer has accepted such gratuities, it might be reasonably concluded that the giver may expect certain favors in exchange for that free, proverbial cup of coffee. Under the Slippery Slope argument, favors in exchange for gratuities can include business referrals such as using specific towing companies, ambulance services or repair shops (Andrews). As the officer moves further down this slippery slope, becoming accustomed to this unethical behavior, they might now be tempted to remove desired items from crime scenes, evidence lockers, or any other environment in which they have access a nd can get away with the action of theft. The Slippery Slope does not necessarily suggest that all officers are going to be corruptible, only that the simple action of taking a gratuity as a gesture of appreciation can lead to an overwhelming series of negative consequences which jeopardize community, legal and social interests. In 2001, after the World Trade Center incident, community citizens across the nation were offering free meals, free admission to amusement parks, etc. all in an attempt to salute their law enforcement heroes (Andrews). The Slippery Slope argument might suggest that officers would become accustomed

Criminal Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 5

Criminal Law - Essay Example The Act describes the nature of such offences and suggests penalties against such acts and omissions. In the same way, the Act condemns any sexual activity practiced or performed without free consent of both the parties to the contract and views such sexual act an offence, which is based on fraudulence, undue influence, coercion, misrepresentation or any other related act that reveals the non-compliance of the aggrieved party and hits his/her freedom of choice. Malignantly doing any act known to be likely to spread infection of any disease dangerous to life is a serious offence and the offender of such act is liable to be punished under the section 269 of the Code of Criminal Procedure. In the same way, Law forbids a person undergoing contagious and venereal disease(s) from entering into sexual relationship with any other person without bringing to the knowledge of the other all information regarding his/her infectious disease, as well as taking protective measures necessary to save the partner form bodily harm of transmitting the disease he suffers. In addition, the statute of law not only condemns involving into sexual intercourse without the free will of the parties, but also it does not allow any such act in which the element of misrepresentation involves. Misrepresentation stands for the statement made by a party to a contract, that a thing relating to it is in fact in a particular way, when he knows it is not so. Sexual Offence 2003 is the outcome of the changes that took place with the induction of new laws as well as discovery of new diseases afflicting the individuals of society. Free sex with the consent of the parties as well as homosexual activities are also among the significant factors along with the discovery of human immunodeficiency virus known as HIV more than a decade ago, to bring in new laws and amend old

British Economy from November 2008 to november 2010 Coursework

British Economy from November 2008 to november 2010 - Coursework Example These measures were taken as a part of government’s austerity measures in the wake of rising government debt and the widening budget deficit. Some of the measures taken by the government included increase in Value Added Tax, systematic reduction in the general benefits provided to the people as well as reduction in the government expenditure besides taking other measures to ensure that the different macroeconomic objectives are fulfilled. George Osborne, man behind the recent measures taken by the UK government basically attempted to provide a radical program which can ensure that UK’s overall credit rating is improved amid the talks of country’s bankruptcy owing to mountains of debts which country accumulated over the period of time. In this part of the question, a discussion will be provided regarding the overall success of the measures taken by Bank of England and British Government since 2008 till date. Special emphasis will be on measuring and discussing the impact on growth, price stability, unemployment as well as the balance of payments. At the start of the financial crisis in later part of 2007, British Government, attempted to inject money into the system in order to ensure that the institutions do not fail and that the economy remains on the path of recovery after the decline. Bank of England (BoE) drastically reduced the base interest rate in order to stimulate the consumer spending and generate the required level of demand in the economy. During November 2008, Alistair Darling took radical measures to reduce the VAT however; the overall borrowing by the government was increased. Reduction in VAT was aimed at reducing the general price level and ensuring that the people spend so that employment can be generated and aggregate demand can be increased. However, the steps taken by Labor Government, from November 2008, also involved increasing the national insurance contribution as well as the increase in taxes for higher earning individuals.

Use of Language in the play Blood Wedding Essay Example for Free

Use of Language in the play Blood Wedding Essay I am analysing the play to help me understand the meaning of the play and the characters. This play is a translation of Blood Wedding as Federico was Spanish writer so therefore all the literature wont all be there. Plays arent easy to translate, as when it has been translated it must ensure that the final product works o stage as well as a play in a book. Lorcas translation took place in April and may 1988 in Madrid. The main problem with presenting and translating Lorcas play was that the characters speak from their souls and that Lorcas has writing in a theatre of poetry and emotions. The title Blood Wedding suggests tension throughout the play and the passionate union of two lovers, the bride and the bridegroom and Leonardo and the wife. In Act One Scene One we are introduced to the mother and the bridegroom. We can see that Lorca has represented the mother as being very over protected of the Bridegroom. He shows the audience this by his use of language, we notice that the mother likes to fuss around her son a lot e. g. making sure he has eaten before going out tot the vineyard. Son take some food with you When the son tells her no and that he will eat grapes at the vineyard by cutting them with a knife. This is when the tension rises between the mother and the bridegroom. The mother becomes cross and starts to shout about how knives are dangerous, this when we find out that she lost her husband and son due to being stabbed by a knife. If I were to live pulls my hair. From looking at this speech we see that Lorcas language is poetic, we immediately know that Lorcas views of the mother is that he has her treating her son like a child. As part of the audience I can see that the mother does do this through her use of language. As the audience we gain information about the mother and bridegrooms relationship by looking at the use of language and how its spoken, also from looking at language we look at the two characters and see how they communicate with each other, what their tones, pace and their relationship is like. The son changes the subject by bringing up the bride; by looking at the language we can see that the mother is very suspicious and curious about her. She had didnt there. This shows that she has been listening to the gossipers about the brides past. I think Lorca wants to set out that the mother doesnt want her son to be married. I think Lorca represents the mother as a bitter, evil old woman who doesnt think about her sons future as she is always shouting, saying nasty things. I have also notice that she asks a lot of question, this shows that she is curious especially about the lady her son will be marrying, Do you know my sons.? I think Lorca has chosen the language he has because it helps the audience to understand the characters more, their relationships with one another and to learn more about the characters personalities. I feel that the mother and the bridegroom do have a loving relationship after analysing the use of language they use. Youll be so happy! Both of you. I can see that they have communicated with each other strongly. Although we see that the mother isnt happy with him getting married, I think its because she doesnt want to feel as though she has lost another member of her family. After analysing the language, I can see that the mother is trying to set to the audience and the father that her son will be able to support and look after the bride, My son has the very best of prospects. I can also see that the son has a caring relationship with his mother, The first one is just for you.. This shows that the bridegroom knows that she wants him to children, it also shows that he is thinking about her and knows that shed like the family to extend. At the end of the play the language Lorca uses shows that the mother encourages the son to go after Leonardo and the bride, Go on, go. With you. I think from looking at the use of language between Leonardo and the bride in Act Two Scene One, Lorca has set out that these two characters deeply do love each other. Yes, I got always blame. When Leonardo says this, I think he is trying to tell the audience that he regrets marrying his wife and wishes he and the bride stuck together. I know Im crazy. around my room. This shows that the bride feels the same and doesnt know if she wants to marry the bridegroom. I think Lorca represent that she is only marrying the bridegroom as he is more her class as Leonardo isnt. At the end of the play when we see Leonardo and the bride together, I feel that they have a strong, caring and warm relationship after analysing the use of language. I can see that the bride tries to hide her feelings at first. Ill go my own back. But as Leonardo talks to her, telling her shes wrong, we begin to learn that she was the one who decided they should run away together. The language they use is filled with passion, Naked. feel myself burn. its the scent of your breast. Lets just go from here whispering all around. And is also very poetic, And grew thick with weeds. Lorca is using this language to show us that the bride didnt know whom she wanted to be with, someone with money or someone who she loved. The couple are very affectionate we can see that Leonardo really loves her, as there is a lot of touching, they are dedicating their love for one another. If this book didnt have the language it has, then the book wouldnt have maybe had a different ending. Lorca uses poetic language in his plays, it explains why such a theatrically innovative play Blood Wedding is full of echoes of folk culture. Poetic language shows expression of each character. The creation of poetry in Blood Wedding can lead us to imagery, we sense the feeling the characters are feeling. Lorcas dramatic language possesses a symbolism of imagery.

What Are The Work Styles Essay Example for Free

What Are The Work Styles Essay Q.1 What are the work styles and personalities of Thomas Green and Frank Davis? Thomas Green could anticipate the market dynamics and device the ideas that should be implemented. This is evident by his focus of developing new up-selling software. Greens strong persuasion flair made him love meeting new people and charming them over. He also got compliments that he has a great rapport with his clients. Green likes to work independently. Greens self-assurance talent is expressed by his self-confidence and audacious behaviour. Green conveys his ideas to the clients and expects them to proceed by trusting his ideas. Greens leadership style is being ingenious. Greens leadership style is more productive when it comes to implement a task. He is industrious and self-motivated but has trouble in being directed. He prefers face to face communication and building rapport with other employees. He receives feedback from people and responds to them on the spot spontaneously. In a nutshell, he likes to under-promise and over-deliver. Unlike Frank, Green was interested only in the end result of the performance and not in the detailing structure of the job. As the Marketing Director, Frank is an excellent tactical leader. He has the vision to gauge the forthcoming possibilities and leverage the resources to effectively move forward. Having promoted from the position of a senior market specialist he was very proficient and experienced in his approach. He emphasised not only on accomplishing the work but also scrutinizing details. His stringent approach towards scheduling and documentation indicates how organized person he was, with his perfect managerial skills. He had the perfect blend of 15 year-long industry experience and other key skills. With this expertise he is able to chase the growth rate as mentioned. Overall, his leadership style is authoritarian, hence he is strict, and commands close control over followers by regulation of policies and procedures cascaded to then. However, his commands are explicit, easily comprehensible and precise and also well-adjusted to the prevalent management bureaucracy. His work style is scrupulous in details and improvises data with strategies. He is optimistic and diffuses positive energy to keep the moral of the followers maintained high. Davis keeps a check on the office dynamics and politics going on in the office. As a supervisor, it is Davis expectation that Green comply with provided recommendations for changes in demeanour and communication.

Analysis On Indian International Business Scenarios

Analysis On Indian International Business Scenarios The world that we live in today has progressed dramatically in almost all aspects. Considering these changes and trends in the course of time, we can relate from our observation that international business and its activities also have rather gone in for a change. When we reflect back to certain course of progression, especially international business scenario we can see and subsequently observes the many notable changes in and around us. Important feature to be noted initially can also be surmised towards Globalization and its impact today that have taken its course since the late 80s. In that context, the role and impact of globalization also have tremendously given a new dimension for international business and meaning in all matter thereof. Above all, international business today also designate and defines a hyper activity that have gone for a change altogether. A change for all the good reason though. But what defines international business or the meaning of its concepts? To be p recise in that regard, international business can be understood as to involve the exchange of goods and services across or within international and national boundaries for the sole purpose of commercial reasons. In addition, international business is also understood as an exchange process involving relationships, input and outputs, between social actions located in different countries. And there is every reason to relate that international business can be influenced by certain factors that are noncommercial as well such as social and political scenario, which together is in consideration. (Mohammad Reza Vaghefi, 1991, p. 4) Assimilating the meaning of international business from the aforementioned definition, we should acknowledge the fact that international business today provides abundant avenues. To top it all, the course of international business in the current state of affairs have advanced to a crucial and critical stage in all matters. What we can relate to the course of inte rnational business in the current state of affairs is the notion that understanding its features and the many interrelated factor is also very essentials, so as to drive home the idea. In doing so, we feel it would be pertinent that should be reflected constructively. In that essence, it is pertinent that issues and factor in consideration for the discourse of this work also is clarified. The following paragraph thus relates the issue in consideration. Identification of Issue and Objective: An Overview As we have surmised above to the notion of international business, analyzing its pertinent factors is crucial. In the discourse of this work and its analysis we can relate that international business as a subject study is a hot topic of discussion. Debate, discussion and arguments thus pertaining in favor and against international business also is constantly a matter of attention grabber, given the huge stakes in it. Hence, herein we can relate as to where the significant feature of the subject matter probable arguments stem from. Considering these factors, it should be clarified that the purpose and objective of this work in parts is to trace the relevancy of international and its role today. Comparative analysis thus is one domain that is central to the issue in consideration. To be precise, we are of the opinion that international business scenario today extrapolates an avenues for theories to be implied practically. Thus, the purpose of this work overall is to reflect upon features of international business scenario, its role and impact. In that sense, India as an international Business destination comes as a preferred country to reflect our analysis. The following questions also stems out:- What are the relation of relation of India and its participation in international trade and FDI intercalation? How the stocks, direction, volume and composition on international business scenario take shapes in India? Who constitutes major trading partner with India? That is to say, the Who whos on the list of India trade partners. How treaties, bilateral ties and all in between are integrated and streamlines in matter of internal business discourse? Subject to these questions, we feel the salient features in it also cannot just be viewed in general. There is reason enough that relating about international business should be based on certain background. In recent times India participation in international business reflects to the course of India emerging role in international business. Add to it, experts are of the opinion that international business in India today is lucrative enough and provides greater avenues and opportunities platforms. Yet the scope for improvement is also there. (Anonymous) In conjunction with the above concise historical sketch, we can augment that India today is in a progressive stage of dramatic developments. There is no denying the fact. India and its discussion in international scenario also readily grab attention for the sheer element attached to it. As a developing nations, India today have done exceedingly well enough in maintaining its economic and social growth constantly; subsequently attracting international investments, and extending its socio-cultural and economic relations across international borders. To top it all, the driving force in context of India dramatic rise in international business scenario also can be related to its political environment that have been stable to facilitate ties, trade and bilateral relation, which are crucial to international business to take roots. In the global stage, India today is viewed upon as the rising economic power in the making, and most importantly preferred investment destinations. Considering these aspects, we feel it would be prudent that theories of Trade and FDI should be taken as a first course of the structural process in order to assimilate the salient feature of international business and its activity in India, which is as follows. Theories of Trade and FDI International business and its discussion is rather complex in a sense. Thus, it is crucial that to understand the meaning of international theory and trend should form a part of this discussion. What we can assume from our observation of international business scenario is the fact that macro and micro-economics play a significant role in international business and its discourse. In that capacity, macroeconomic theories on internationalization reflect the salient features towards traditional approach to trade and FDI (Foreign Domestic Investment), as well as an interrelated theory on fragmentation. In that essence, it should be understood that macroeconomic theory provides an insight on the basic driving force of economies and its activities, which is thus based upon internationalization and its processes and procedures. (Vogelsang, 2010, p. 84) Theoretically, the subject relation and pattern of internationalization and its discussion at most instances reflect or combine traditional macroeconomic theories that lay emphasis upon trade and FDI. We cant deny this fact considering that without relevant trade agreements, ties and FDI the very object of international business doesnt make sense at all. Moreover, approaches towards international business also verily take a starting discourse from within the domains of trade and FDI. Thus, trade and FDI in context of international business and macroscopic theory forms an important part and foundation of internationalization and its processes. Hence, understanding trade in one part and common approaches towards FDI is also crucial to drive home the idea. The question that arises thus is what constitutes the features of trade in international business? Laying emphasis on this notion, we are of the opinion that trade in international business is one important approach. Trade in context of international business and macroeconomic theory defines the notion of purchasing in spot markets without any barrier. That is to say international business approach at the core undertakes and shape trading scenario with other countries within and across international borders. Ricardo model thus is considered to be the best explanation to international trade approach. (Vogelsang, 2010, p. 84) What is significant to Ricardo model can be reflected towards comparative advantage due to trade. Given thus, different partner are required to carry out trade for comparative advantage and to streamline the process of internationalization. To derive th e meaning of it, we feel it should be exemplified to certain cases related to India today. As we are aware, today India plays a crucial emerging role in export and import for different commodities to sustain and facilitate the economic process. Internationalization has opened up large avenues for India to trade with likeminded parties in the international market. Take for instance US, UK, China, etc. Latest news highlight in regard to trade concerning India reflects that India is more likely to open up dialogue towards bilateral trade and ties with trading partners, which is one central factor of international trade and its policy. Such highlights also reflects India emerging role in internationalization. (EconomicTimes, 2010) Apart from trade, considering the salient features of FDI at best can be drawn to the meaning of it in simple form. Foreign Domestic Investment when approached to international business defines the changing structure of property owners in the country invested in. That is to say, ownership of the course of investment takes a different shape. FDI thus can be differentiated between the following:- Greenfield investment: It relate to factor such as when a new plant is established in a foreign country. Vertical integration: Vertical integration to FDI approaches relate to factor of acquisition of supplier along the value chains Horizontal Integration: Concerning horizontal integration, the meaning of it concerns the mergers of companies from a position of the value chains. In that capacity, the best example that we can cite is the emergence of MNC (Multinational Companies). (Vogelsang, 2010, p. 84) Assimilating these theoretical meaning, we are of the opinion that its approaches is also very crucial. Take for example case scenario in India today. What we can relate to Indian Economic process is the mushrooming number of MNC in most sectors and industry. Such a development is good and perfect to facilitate growth, internationalization and to derive the meaning of international business concepts. What we can speculate is that FDI in India was initiated way back in 1992. In two decade from then, today FDI has played a crucial role in the development of the economy, and to a certain degree enabling India to maintain progressive growth, financial stability and raising the standards of living. (EconomyWatch) Considering these aspects as detailed above in context of theories of trade and FDI, we feel India have tremendously had a share of its practical implication in all matter thereof, which we can conclude that FDI and Trade have had a major impact on India Economic process since the late eighties due to the direct impact of internationalization and its process. Social Cultural Forces: Its aspects and Impacts in India Culturally, India displays a unique substance and essence when benched marked on the cultural fronts. But it should also be understood that India of the yesteryears and today are two different cultural identities. Speaking, it doesnt mean to relate the features that India has lost its sheen of traditional aspects, but the change in the cultural domains that have been witnessed all these years that have reshaped the image ion India in international context. In the 21st century today, the cultural face of India displays a sheer combination of improvements in all aspects. Let consider herein the features that can be related towards work ethics and its culture. In that aspect, we are of the notion that the emergence of India and its transgression into international scenario have redefined the scope of its work ethics overall. India today displays a sheer combination of progression all domains of the economy and its processes. As we have related earlier, FDI, foreign Trade, and stocks hav e progressed dramatically in the current state of affairs that is often credited to the rise of India middle class society. India today is viewed upon as a nation that offers tremendous growth factor when it concern works, given the work ethics that reflects international trends. This is also one attracting features. To top it all, such a progression in recent times has opened up avenues of possibilities for India to transform its work culture by benefitting directly from international business and comparative management and practices. Above all, skilled manpower and the emergence of powerful middle class in the society today also have given a new dimension to India work ethics that is diverse in its scope and reach. (Anonymous) Put it to India growth rate today that is calculated to be at 9%, the very essence of it also mirrors the specific fact of India better work culture (RAGHAVAN) to have taken shape. In the second instance relating to India cultural domains in areas such as family, kingship, religion and traditional cultural aspects, its course have also undergone dramatic changes. Yet it should be understood that despite the changes all around, India havent part with its traditional cultural identity. India as a nation today displays a sheer combination of modernity with a dash and perfect blend of traditions. That also perfectly defines India social cultural essence, which we can conclude is due to the outcome of direct impact of the internationalization process. Moreover, the economic process in India today can be subjected towards social cultural impact is significant in the effort of sustain growth and maintain constraint development in all aspects of its economic, social and political processes. However, we feel that without relating to the aspects encompassing India Education, health, gender equality and most important people attitudes, the very object of social cultural d iscussion also cannot be complete. Considering these features, we feel that in the health sector accelerating growth defines the same in India. Justifying the same, we can augment our point by relating towards India role in upgrading its health sector to facilitate better facilities and to derive the direct effect of it in context of international business environment. Entry of private sector is one important step towards upgrading service quality in Indian health industry. Moreover, the impact of corporatization and comparative trends also has significantly brought about new norms to be followed. Thus, improvements in health related scenario have dramatically improved, wherein the direct impact of internationalization also can be reflected with strata such as the emerging trend of integrating technology, telemedicine and medical tourism. (TradeChakra) As per available report with CBC news dated way back to 2004, there is a highlight in which it relates that India is preferred desti nation for medical activities, be it for individuals form US, Canada or elsewhere. The simple fact to such a change in trends can be looked upon the scenario of Indian Medical industry that has progressed dramatically. To top it all, the cost factor also plays a significant role towards Indian medical industry trends that is fast catching up worldwide and considered to be a multi-billion industry in the making. (CBCNews, 2004) As for educational sectors, literary rate among Indian inhabitants today should directly relate to the impact of international process within the socio-cultural environment and its impact. When compared to wards the current state and two decades down the line, India Education sector also improved dramatically in recent times. Compulsory Education Act passed by the parliament in 2009 signify a serious efforts made by India policy makers to reaps the benefits of Education today. The landmark Education Acts and free Education Policy is with an outlook to facilitate the increasing needs for education among citizens. (IndiaEduNews, 2009) In addition, as per India literacy census commencing 2001 there is indication that literary rate have notch an overall 65%, in which male literacy rate is calculated at 75%, whereas for females the literacy rate is 53%. Benchmarking with 1991 census, there is a dramatic improvement in the educational front as well, (IndiaGovermentReport, 2005) which indic ates the rise of India in the global stage. (India Literacy Graph Annexure I attached at the End) Assimilating these facts, we feel that there is a great scope for investment within the Education or Health sector in India. Above all, the changing demographic also signify India emergence in the international scenario. Hence, considering these aspects, we feel that their role towards international business environment is also very significant. Surprisingly from socio-cultural perspectives, gender equality in India also has gone for a change. Societal attitudes towards women, their role, status and equity have been redefined. India constitutional impact in that regard also professes gender equality as fundamental rights, which barred the subjugation, disparity and discrimination of women folks in the society. Empowering women and the role played by India policy makers also signifies an emergence of India in the international platform. (AzadIndiaFoundation, 2010) Thus, what we see today in and around are the rise of women power within the corporate sectors, where their role is being recognized as befitting towards socio-cultural developments. Thus, accumulating together the analysis as stated above, we are of the opinion that India social and cultural forces, its impact and aspects have given a new dimension in context of international business environment. Natural Environment and Sustainability In international management and its study, understanding the relationship of natural environment and sustainability is also one important attribute. Hyper international activities today rings back the crucial element and question of natural environment and sustainability. Likewise, it should also be acknowledged that natural environment is often a critical factor, given that it is the source of support for everything used in business, such as sources of energy, life sustaining factors and other elements. Hence, the natural environment in all instances determines what can be done in the society and how institutions can functions. Above all, resource availability is the most fundamental factor in the development of business in societies (Cherunilam, 2007, p. 112) We feel the natural environment in contemporary India have rather gone for a drastic change in all aspects. Aas per available reports, India land area is a vast coverage of approximately 1,229,737 sq. mi. That is to say, land area coverage in India is about 3,287,590 sq. km approx. The climatic condition in India varies from tropical to temperate in parts of India geographical locations. The topography of India is surrounded by the Deccan plateau in the southern region, deserts in the western region and the Himalayas in the northern region. (IndianChild) To top it all, natural environment infrastructure is India is also in a developing stage, with much scope for further development. The infrastructure for water supply, ground water management is in tune with the current need and requirement of the contemporary trend. However, the sad state of affairs is that sustainable features are yet to derive it course. Although green revolution in India has started way back since the late 80s, b ut most of its impact is within the agricultural domain, considering that India is an agricultural country. (Chandra, 2004, pp. 127-130) But what is not surprising to note is the fact that since independence industrialization has transformed the natural development course of India. In all instance, the combining discourse towards natural environment and sustainability is a major things that gets policy makers a hard time. What we can relate to the point of natural environment and sustainability in India is the fact that increasing urbanization has brought in it the baggage of many harmful effects. Yet we can be sure to speculate that Indian natural environment that influence international business is well balanced. However, much grounds work need to be initiated to propagate a sustainable development course that can further rings in the benefits for the society. The important aspects of natural environment in maintaining sustainable growth in facilitating the process of internationalization cannot be brushed aside. To top it all, Scholars also have asserted that at the course of any social system is the natural environment and the available technology. In that aspect, these factors also define the possibility of human actions in the society. (Cherunilam, 2007, p. 112) The good news is that Indian policy makers are realizing the impact of globalization; both negative and positive features, to have subsequently initiated certain grounds rules to asses the natural environment constructively and to propagate sustainable development course as a measure. In the context, Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) in India defines the purpose and scope of it through its process that translate into impact assessment that is officially recognized towards an essential exercise in the course of implementing development projects. The formation of Department o f Environment in India in 1980 is also with the sole aim to access factor that can harness sustainable development in tune with internationalization. (Ghosh, 2003, p. 247) We can further comment that, India is fortunate enough to have the richness of its natural resources and abundant diversity of living resources. Thus the need of the time is to adequately manage such aspect of natural environment, in order to harness the development course for all time. The salient feature in that essence also can be laid emphasis to the degree that a nation can prosper only when resource of the environment is utilized efficiently to satisfy human needs and expectation. (Ghosh, 2003, p. 313) Assimilating the abovementioned discussion, what we drive home from the idea on natural environment and sustainability in context of international business can be related towards the trends that have shifted towards ethics in discourse, and factor the determines the course of business to flourish and take course. We are aware that increasing internationalization has also added up a bundle of ethical issues to crop up. One example in that regard is the diminishing factor of natural resources and its reserves. Due to internationalization, environmental concerns also have increasingly grown. Cases as such can be reflected towards global warming and its effects due to direct impact of international business and its increasing activity. Moreover, increasing dependent of the modern society and nations upon natural resources also have threaten to change the very face of the natural environment, such as natural reserves of fossil fuels; impacting the ecological process and physical phenomeno n in due course. Finally what we can conclude is that policy makers in India are facilitating the right course of action to harness the impact of globalization, which posits the point of natural environment and sustainability. Economic and Socio-Economic Factors In international business, economic and socio-economic factor also plays a significant influential role. To be precise, we are of the opinion that the economic process today is governed and influenced by social forces. There is no denying this fact. What is relevant to the study of socio-economic forces can be laid emphasis to the notion that social trends and its impact directly have a role to play in socioeconomic process. But what are those social forces that directly shapes the determine norms to the economic process? To top it all, do social institutions also constitutes a part of the process? To this notion, the answer is yes, given that social institution today has a major and central role to contribute towards socioeconomic integration and its processes. To identify social forces, we should understand that much of it is related to posit a factor or force that has a direct relation with social phenomena with the capability to cause change in all forms of its interaction proces ses. Assimilating this notion we bring to the subject discussion that social forces can either be identified with the cultural, institutional and other aspects. Speaking of institutions, we are aware that their presence and role in the society today is central. In India for instance, institution to a large extent influence the socio-economic process. We are aware that India is a democratic nation. Hence, impact and direct interaction of social institutions almost make a mark in all aspects concerning economic process. Take for instance a bank, as an institution play a major part in facilitating economic process, and yet bridge a way to internationalization processes. Without financial institution, the unsanitary economic discourse would not have been possible. To top it all, the role media plays in India and elsewhere also directly influences the social phenomena in one form or the other. As we are aware, in international business Public relation is a major part of the overall consideration. Through media forms awareness can be facilitated concerning many crucial facts and significant discourse. Thus, what we see is that advancement in technology also often rings in the social change process, and trends to take shape. In that regard, socio-economic process finds its consideration to the change in patterns and attitude of people to certain phenomena. In that regard, policy makers also find a hard time to bridge the gap that arises due to socio-economic aspects. In India the same phenomena is also being observed, especially relating to technology and its impact. What we can reflect to this notion is the fact that technology advancement is often known to further extend the gap between rural and urban development. For example, the case can be traced to the extensive use of internet in urban households. However, benchmarking it with rural households there is a large gap, which often worries policy makers today. (Wal J. Taylor, 2003.) In that essence, we can trace as to how the socio-economic factor determines the course of actions and likewise. We are aware that contemporary Indi a and the emergence of institutional role have facilitated and assist the country to harness the opportunities of globalization. What the social institution have played in India can be reflected towards the governmental agencies and their policies. It is through the interaction of the social institution that policies such as economic linearization have seen the face of daylight in India. To top it all, policies related to foreign trade, investment and political participations also have been possible due to the simple facts of institutional role in all instance. Thus what we can drive home the point in that regard is that through social-economic interaction, India today have been able to harness the befitting force in facilitating economic, social, and political growth and development. Fact sheets available with CIA fact book also trace the important element attached to the discussion in this regard. (CIAWorldFActBook, 2010) Assimilating the above discussion, we feel that social institutions be it government agencies and the likes have played a significant role to influence the process of economic activities in India. To cite an example again, we feel that governmental body and their agencies through the formulation of policies and other agenda facilitates economic integration directly. It is through policies that bilateral ties trade and other aspects in the list of economic and social agenda are being realized through the actions of policy makers and larders. The role that government bodies plays today in a democratic nation is also one of the many course that defines the socio-economic factors. Institution itself can be in many forms that define the aspects comprising organizations; the interaction between people and the likes. Moreover, as we are aware political process also take its course and actions in all aspects of the social and economic process. In current state of affairs in India the same phenomena also can be witnessed. That is why we see a heightened sense of political origination concerning international business and its discussion. The role that Indian leaders play in facilitating ties, bilateral trade and other features of agreements in the international body also can be laid emphasis in context of the social-economic process. As we have detailed in the earlier discussion, political bodies and government agencies also helps to streamline the economic process through their activities in all instances. The point that we want to argue can be laid emphasis towards situation being undertaken in discourse, and subsequently policies being reached out to carry out actions in practical terms. Thus, what we can conclude to the features of this part of the discussion is the fact that social institutions, be it public, private, governmental or NGOs in all instances influence the economic process of a nation. Hence, understanding the socio-economic forces that play a significant role in contemporary India in integral to derive the meaning of it in one form, and to drive home the idea that economic and social factors often determines the course of international business, its interaction. Political and Legal Environment What is political and what is legal are two different features of the meaning and their term. By political we can simply lay emphasis to the aspects encompassing political institution as such. Hence to ring back the meaning of political forces, we feel the best example can be laid emphasis towards governmental bodies, political leadership and the form of democracy in that regard. Often than not, we found ourselves speculating why political forces decides the course of economic process in the global economy today? Would not we have been well off if there have been no interference for political force? To reach our point in that regard we feel it can be the greatest misrepresentation and misunderstanding. There is no question that society today can flourish without any interference from political forces. That world that we live in today also makes it more relevant for political forces to form a part of the process. Without political forces and their interference, the world would have be en in shambles. Thus, the important features of political forces can be traced. India as a democratic nation has come a long way since the first act of parliament was established. Above all, in context of international business, political force and their influence is one important feature. For a foreign investor or businessman, understanding the role of political force in India can help dramatically in facilitating a course that is legit and in the right earnest. What is crucial to the notion of political force in India in context of international business, or likewise can be looked with the aspects encompassing political interaction. As we can relate toward Indian political business discussion, we should initially understand that the discourse of it is complex. Evolving political and business landscape in India in recent time can be traced to the role political leaders and their leadership have played, nationally and internationally to influence the process. In that regard, we are of the opinion that without any political forces, landscape to facilitate and tap ped the impact of globalization also would not have been possible. Crucial point in that regard can be traced back to the

America’s Personal Values, Compared Essay -- Literary Analysis

America’s Personal Values Compared Great Indian authors have written grand epics that depict heroic characters performing virtuous deeds. Many of these epic tales feature fearsome and godly battles, while others highlight the soft side of human emotions. Despite seemingly unrealistic characters such as talking hawks and ten-headed monsters, and unlikely conflicts that feature bloody battles, many of these grand epics display many traditional values that Americans value in modern society. When construing three particular celebrated Indian epics (â€Å"the Mahabharata,† â€Å"the Bhagavad-Gita,† and â€Å"the Ramayana†), readers would easily glean the values and belief system that Ancient Indian society held in high esteem many thousands of years ago. Moreover, by comparing and contrasting respective ideals and principles, similarities between Ancient Indians and Americans would come to surface. The Mahabharata teaches the value of integrity through the story of a deal between a king and a hawk. At a nearby river performing a ritual sacrifice, a king comes across an injured dove trying to escape the clutches of a hawk. He makes a vow to protect the dove and says, â€Å"This bird has come to me for asylum. It is my duty to protect it,† (From the Mahabharata). The hawk rebuts and cites his need for food; consequently, the king cuts a deal and promises to exchange his own flesh to compensate the hawk’s loss: â€Å"You shall have my flesh and nothing less,† (From the Mahabharata). The gods reward him for his integrity and bestow upon him the gift of prosperity. Certainly, our modern society values integrity to a great extent, but the king in this story goes above ordinary ethics and endures pain to protect an innocent life. While most Americans might not s... ... integrity, duty, and honor. The mere prevalence of these regarded values in modern society indicates their utility and tenability. Even though modern Americans might not on a day-to-day basis physically sacrifice themselves, go to battle, or fight a ten headed monster, they share the same principles of integrity, duty and honor with heroes of Ancient Indian Literature toward their perspective towards life. Works Cited "From the Bhagavad-Gita." Prentice Hall Literature. Trans. Swami Prabhavananda and Christopher Isherwood. Upper Saddle: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2004. 182-89. Print. "From the Mahabharata." Prentice Hall Literature. Trans. R. K. Narayan. Upper Saddle River: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2004. 174-81. Print. "From the Ramayana." Prentice Hall Literature. Trans. R. K. Narayan. Upper Saddle River: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2004. 190-98. Print.

Theatre and Popular Opinion In Eighteenth-Century Paris :: Arts Theatre France History Historical Essays

The eighteenth century is widely reputed to have been the Age of Theatre in France. A unique form of entertainment and mass communication, theatrical productions brought together representatives from all degrees of social and economic status in one building to share a common experience. Despite an attitude that emphasized the glorification of French culture, the government viewed the theatre primarily as a form of entertainment and sought to prevent any deviation from this main emphasis. Although plays were monitored through censorship of scripts, the agents of authority made little attempt to shape popular views on specific political issues through drama. In contrast, practitioners of bourgeois drama aimed at converting the theatre into a schoolhouse for moral values and virtue in social interaction. Parisian audiences, especially those standing in the open parterre area in front of the stage, often used the theatre as a forum for voicing their own opinions on political issues. Far from being mindlessly molded by any agenda of the French playwrights or royal patrons, the spectators claimed for themselves the capacity to pass judgment on the plays presented on the stage. The Crown's formal regulation, the playwrights' didactic intention, and the spectators' vocal reactions created an interaction of control, manipulation, and political articulation in eighteenth-century Parisian theatre. From the popularity of amateur productions among the moneyed and elite to the general trend of rising ticket sales at public theatres, drama played an important role in the social life of eighteenth-century France. According to registers of attendance at the Comà ©die-Franà §aise from the 1750 to 1774, that playhouse averaged approximately 168,000 spectators each year. Since the theatre offered an opportunity to impress people of every rank, the French government could not neglect this aspect of life. The Crown assumed that the productions called for regulation, that troupes required consistent personnel, and that theatre crowds needed supervision. In 1680, Louis XIV granted monopolies on stage production to the Acadà ©mie Royale de Musique for opera, and to the Comà ©die-Franà §aise and the Comà ©die-Italienne for French and Italian language drama, respectively. The avowed purpose for establishing these theatres was "to perfect the representation of the lyric and dramatic arts for the greater glory of the French state." This objective promoted plays that extolled the monarchy and perpetuated the powerful system of privilege. In 1706, the king charged the Paris police with maintaining control and order in these playhouses. The Crown supported the three royal theatres financially and governed their management until the end of the ancien rà ©gime.

Logging :: essays research papers

I'm sure some of you have heard at least a little of what is going on down in the beautiful hardwood forests of Tassie? If not here's a short rundown on an extremely threatened area called the Styx valley Forrest... The Styx Valley contains the tallest hardwood trees on Earth. Many of the trees are taller than a 25-storey building, over 400 years old, and up to five metres wide at the base. The Styx is only 70 kilometres west of Hobart and is on the edge of the Tasmanian Wilderness World Heritage Area – one of the great temperate wilderness areas on Earth. The Styx also contains large areas of unlogged rainforest. These forests are home to many native species of wildlife, including the majestic Wedge-tailed Eagle, the Eastern Pygmy Possum, the Yellow-tailed Black Cockatoo, owls and rosellas. Other features that occur in the valley include limestone caves, tannin-stained Styx River, and several waterfalls. Now to the bad news†¦ Most of the giants of the Styx are threatened by logging. Between 300 and 600 hectares of the Styx Valley are logged each year. The main form of logging is clear felling and burning. The logging operations proceed by cutting down all the large timber and bulldozing the rest. The useful timber, primarily destined for woodchips, is removed and the area is then bombed from the air which ensures the whole area burns. Most of these trees will be sold as woodchips overseas for about $15 per tonne. After the logged area is burnt it is reseeded 1080 poison is laid down to kill animals who may feed on saplings. 1080 poison does not kill our native animals by putting in a relaxing sleep, it puts them through a long, agonising death, and it may take hours or even days of suffering for these native animals to die. What is at stake you may ask? Is the loss of some of Australia's, and the worlds, oldest hardwood trees for the sake of some measly woodchips a good enough argument, I certainly think so. The tall trees of the Styx are of international botanical importance. Their tourism potential has yet to be realised. They provide a point of contact with the past that once gone, is gone forever. Tall trees are also important for a sense of environmental continuity for future generations. Just reading this makes me feel sick. Our government says that we cannot stop logging because of job loss. Logging :: essays research papers I'm sure some of you have heard at least a little of what is going on down in the beautiful hardwood forests of Tassie? If not here's a short rundown on an extremely threatened area called the Styx valley Forrest... The Styx Valley contains the tallest hardwood trees on Earth. Many of the trees are taller than a 25-storey building, over 400 years old, and up to five metres wide at the base. The Styx is only 70 kilometres west of Hobart and is on the edge of the Tasmanian Wilderness World Heritage Area – one of the great temperate wilderness areas on Earth. The Styx also contains large areas of unlogged rainforest. These forests are home to many native species of wildlife, including the majestic Wedge-tailed Eagle, the Eastern Pygmy Possum, the Yellow-tailed Black Cockatoo, owls and rosellas. Other features that occur in the valley include limestone caves, tannin-stained Styx River, and several waterfalls. Now to the bad news†¦ Most of the giants of the Styx are threatened by logging. Between 300 and 600 hectares of the Styx Valley are logged each year. The main form of logging is clear felling and burning. The logging operations proceed by cutting down all the large timber and bulldozing the rest. The useful timber, primarily destined for woodchips, is removed and the area is then bombed from the air which ensures the whole area burns. Most of these trees will be sold as woodchips overseas for about $15 per tonne. After the logged area is burnt it is reseeded 1080 poison is laid down to kill animals who may feed on saplings. 1080 poison does not kill our native animals by putting in a relaxing sleep, it puts them through a long, agonising death, and it may take hours or even days of suffering for these native animals to die. What is at stake you may ask? Is the loss of some of Australia's, and the worlds, oldest hardwood trees for the sake of some measly woodchips a good enough argument, I certainly think so. The tall trees of the Styx are of international botanical importance. Their tourism potential has yet to be realised. They provide a point of contact with the past that once gone, is gone forever. Tall trees are also important for a sense of environmental continuity for future generations. Just reading this makes me feel sick. Our government says that we cannot stop logging because of job loss.

How Does Tesco Communicate With Customers?

Tesco communicate with their customers through a variety of ways. Mobile communications is one of the ways in which Tesco communicate with their customers. This technology is brand new but it does not mean that it is not as important as other technologies that help big companies such as Tesco. Today’s mobile marketing applications such as ‘’Tesco club card app’ it helps customers keep us with their points that they’ve gained though shopping & it lets you know of the latest offers that the store has. This technology allows companies to improve communications in a focused and highly personal context to interact with their customers. Systems like this allows Tesco to package commercial messages, then make information available to a global audience easily, without irritating the customer by sending them letters via the post as the customers will get a regular update through their phone app. The system also offers an immediate response to customers that have questions that need answering. Blogging is also a new technology that Tesco uses as a way of getting personal communications because it is as an essential marketing tool. This is because the public can discuss on the Tesco website about anything they like for example Tesco have provided a place on the website where customers can have discussions about books available at the store and then decide whether they want to purchase it or not. For this particular type of communication Tesco needs an employee who likes to write via internet and put some commercial messages up. The audience should take care of the rest when that’s been completed. Tesco use streaming media by this term I mean using adverts that Tesco produce and display on platforms such as YouTube which allows Tesco to literally put ‘’any’’ message in front of a global audience. All the company needs is a script, a computer and a good quality camera to record their adverts, if Tesco does this then the message that they are trying to get across can be displayed in front of buyers, sellers and business partners anywhere in the world. Social networking is another way which Tesco communicate with their customers. For Tesco in the case of marketing, there is nothing better than having the ability to put commercial messages out in front of the public. Although there is a number of social networks that can do this, the best of these is Twitter. Since a user only gets 140 characters to make a point. For Tesco this means that a number of messages can be created and delivered very quickly. The amount of opt-in ‘’followers’’ which will be your customers who find your global messages interesting enough to continue to read them, this is also an obvious source to understand what your audience likes or doesn’t like as they can retweet of favourite your messages if they do or do not like them. We can communicate in many ways that suits the customer.

Gang Leader for a Day Essay

In so doing, Venkatesh revealed a complex mix of subculture (the Black Kings were a highly organised gang with a clear hierarchy, recruitment rituals, and socialisation processes) and culture – the gang were embedded in the day-to-day life of the Projects. Although their primary purpose was to make money through selling drugs (mainly crack cocaine), they also performed a range of secondary functions within their territory – from the provision of protection for Project residents from other gangs, through the organisation of social activities (such as Basketball games), to policing the Projects (involving things like the provision of shelter for â€Å"the homeless†.). a. Ethnicity: His South Asian ethnic background allowed him to pass among the overwhelmingly African-American subjects of his study in a way that would have probably been denied to him if he had been white (since the only â€Å"white faces† in the Projects were those of the police – and, with one or two notable exceptions, they rarely ventured into the place except to make arrests and, it is implicitly suggested, extort protection money). Venkatesh’s initial encounter with the Black Kings was one where he was mistaken for a member of a rival (Mexican) gang – his ethnicity was variously considered by the people in the Projects to be â€Å"Mexican, â€Å"Spanish† or the largely-ubiquitous label  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Ay-rab†. The fact he was relatively young, casually dressed and a student at the University also gave him credentials accepted by both those in the gang and the Projects generally – something that leads into a second consideration: His ethics, however, are questionable. He started doing research and had not gotten human subjects approval. He deceived his advisor and dissertation committee about the extent that he was embedded into the gang. He saw clearly illegal activities take place and never told anyone, and once or twice did something illegal. Their claims are not only that he was unethical, but that he put people’s lives at risk, that he lied to his main informant, JT, to get into the research site, and the only person who has benefited from the book is Venkatesh. To be fair, Venkatesh did teach a course when asked to, and on occasion he brought food or drink (often alcohol) to parties and such. The tenured radical folks mention approvingly  Mitch Duneier’s Sidewalk (another great book) about homeless people and how he shares his royalties with those whom he interviewed The book’s main focus is on race, as it examines the day-to-day struggles of the virtually all African-American residents in a poor housing project. However, there is much in the book that could be mined for courses in deviance, race⠁„ethnicity, inequality, research methods, sociology of organizations, and to a lesser extent, gender. Issues of class, race and identity also surface, as Venkatesh (the child of middle-class South Asian immigrants) discusses his role as a â€Å"brown man† Southern Californian, and how his experiences shape his academic vantage point. Venkatesh sets up a clearly delineated debate on the qualitative-quantitative divide, coming down squarely on the qualitative side, learning early that the question â€Å"How does it feel to be Black and poor?† is n ot easily answered using a Likert scale. He deftly highlights issues of ethics, identity, race⠁„class⠁„gender dynamics in data collection, the realities of ethnographic work, and the value and use of qualitative versus quantitative methods of collecting data. Gang Leader for a Day throws into sharp relief the thorny issues of conducting ethical research. For instance, Venkatesh struggles with maintaining allegiances with powerful community members, while trying to forge close ties with less powerful residents. Venkatesh gives refreshingly honest, clear examples of his missteps. For instance, he focuses the target of his research on the underground economy of three high-rise buildings within the gang’s territory, and collects detailed information from residents about how much money they make, expenses they incur and so forth. Venkatesh talks with pimps and prostitutes, as well as those who sold food or offered child care in their apartments, styled hair, prepared taxes, offered psychic fortune telling, performed carpentry, fixed cars, collected scrap metal, as well as a host of other off-the-books businesses. Venkatesh provides a vivid, gritty account of life in a notorious Chicago housing project. His book interweaves issues of social class, race, ethnicity, gender, crime, deviance, and the study of organizations. Moreover, his perspective on the discipline is a compelling one; a self-described â€Å"rogue† sociologist,

Is Improving Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPT) Working?

Introduction Mental health now represents approximately 25% of the ill health burden and is also the single largest cause of disability in the United Kingdom (Hersen & Sturmey, 2012). Additionally, statistics indicate that 25% of people in the country will experience mental disorder at some point in their lives with 0.01% experiencing severe mental illness. More recent studies indicate that mental illnesses are responsible for approximately 40% of all morbidity in the United Kingdom (Beinart et al 2009). The National Health Service introduced improving access to psychological therapies programme with an aim of increasing the availability of therapies in the country. It is designed majorly for individuals with mild to moderate health difficulties like anxieties, depression, post traumatic disorders and phobias (Bullock et al 2012). Improving access to psychological therapies programme treats these conditions using different therapeutic techniques like cognitive behavioural therapy, couples therapy and interpersonal therapy (Barkham et al 2010). It essentially seeks to employ the least intrusive methods in treating patients. This approach is often referred to as the stepped care mode meaning that the patients first get low intensity therapy in form of computerised cognitive behavioural therapy and guided self-help. In cases where the low intensity treatments are inappropriate or unsuccessful the patients are often transferred to high intensity therapy in the form of one on one cognitive behavioural therapy. Improving access to psychological therapies programme has expended the provision of talking therapies in the United Kingdom and is the only instance in the world where the government has provided free talking therapy on large scale (James, 2010). IAPT is relevant to counselling psychology because it affects the therapies that counselling psychologies use in attending to the patients. The counselling psychologies are required by the National Institute for Health and Care E xcellence to rely on the recommendations contained in IAPT while attending to the patients. Analysis of talking therapies The World Health Organisation defines health as a physical, mental and social wellbeing of an individual. However in most cases people do not regard mental and psychiatric problems as disease leading to the stigmatisation and marginalisation of the patients away from the normal way of life (Beidas & Kendall, 2014). Although mental illnesses are not as obvious as physical illnesses, they cause serious changes in behaviour that lead to dysfunctional disabilities that interfere with actions, speech and thought. However, talking therapies offer the patients with mental illnesses an opportunity to return to normal way of life. Talking therapies are the most commonly used treatments as they allow the patients to express their thoughts, problems, emotions and feelings with the therapists. The patients are open with the therapists and trust them to generate solutions to their varied challenges (Robertson, 2010). The therapists can deliver therapy through direct interactions with the patient s, computerised interactions or group discussions. All these therapies are designed for helping patients experiencing difficult times in their lives by initiating self-belief and optimism to facilitate the recovery process. Talking therapies are also known as psychotherapies or psychiatric counselling offers one of the best means of ensuring that the patients share their feelings with the therapists in order to help them prescribe the best means of helping the patients recover from mental illnesses (Corrie & Lane, 2010). The therapies also present the patients with an avenue for speaking about how they feel more than their families, friends or anybody else would do, thus encouraging them to share as much information as possible for easy intervention by the therapists. World Health Organisation reports indicate that depression is among the major mental illnesses affecting people not only in the United Kingdom but across the globe. This has led to the great debate on whether talking therapies are efficient in curing such a widespread disease (Garrett 2010). Some critics of the talking therapies argue that the therapies alone cannot cure depression as curing the disease require other simultaneous treatments and even medication at times. For the psychiatrists to be more effective they need to be amiable and supportive in order to gain the trust of the patients so that they can open up and share more of their experience and challenges. They also need to be very sensitive to the feelings of the patients because for instance aggressive and uncompassionate patients tend to get more demoralised when they feel that they are worthless and insignificant (Cowen et al 2012). At times the therapists opt to make use of group therapy in cases where the patients share similar problems. In this case, all the patients sit down to share their anxieties and problems with each other. Group therapy helps the patients to open up and share their problems with other patients and agree that such problems have solutions which are only possible if they choose to support the efforts of the group. However in cases where some patients feel that they have been suppressed by the group or that the group has formed a judgement against them, it becomes difficult for the therapy to work as it further limits the interaction of such patients with the society and in the process worsening the conditions of such patients instead of delivering cure (Sturmey & Hersen, 2012). There are also cases where the patients get extremely attached to the groups and become extremely dependent on them so much so that they are unable to make decisions without the approval of the group (Dartington, 2010).This is not good for them as it also exacerbates their conditions instead of pr oviding cure. The talking therapies that focus on the provision of direct solutions to the patients are very effective in managing depression as the patients can use the direct advice given to them or even reject them in cases where they feel uncomfortable with such advice. However the inherent problem with this therapy is that the vulnerable patients might form a habit of letting the therapists solving their problems for them thus denying them the power of personal decision making (Lloyd et al 2013). Furthermore, in case such decisions fail to provide the desired solutions to the patients, they may form a revulsion against the therapist leading to more depression as they tend to get frustrated by the fact that they may never find a solution to their problems. Cognitive behavioural therapy deals with patients that suffer from very mild to moderate depression. It encourages patients to understand and accept their negative emotions and then provides assistance to them so that they can think positively and usefully (McHugh & Barlow, 2012). The therapy involves both behavioural and cognitive therapy. Cognitive therapy is concerned with the patients’ thinking patterns whereasbehavioural therapy deals with associated actions. When the two approaches are combined carefully, they provide a powerful means of helping the patients overcome many emotional and behavioural problems. Cognitive behavioural therapy may involve a mix of the two therapies depending on the nature of the problem because some problems require more behavioural interventions while others require more cognitive intervention therapy. One of the strengths of the Cognitive behavioural therapy is that it not only aims at helping the patients overcome their conditions but also equip them with new skills and strategies that they can use in solving future problems (Osimo & Stein, 2012). The therapy examines all the elements that maintain the problems faced by the patients. It involves creating a partnership between the therapist and the patients and heavily involves the patients in planning and treatment throughout the process. Arguments for talking therapies used by IAPT According to McQueen (2008), the majority of the patients who use talking therapies say that it helped them as they benefited in many ways. First off, it gives the patients an opportunity to be listened to regularly and as such they are able to express their feelings to the therapists. This helps the patients to forget the bad things that happened to them in the past and start over afresh. In this way, the therapy ensures that the patients let out their feelings that could have otherwise remained deeply bottled up. The other benefit of talking therapy is that the therapists are non-judgemental and impartial while attending to the patients (Norman & Ryrie, 2009). This helps the patients to share their negative feelings without the fear of being criticised making it easier for the counselling psychologist to attend to them. In addition to this, it boosts the confidence and self-worth of the patients which is crucial to their recovery because many patients struggle with this. Talking th erapies equips the patients with learning skills and techniques for managing anger or relaxation which is important in reducing the chances of the patients suffering a relapse of the diseases. Talking therapies helps the patients in combating loneliness because at times the patients do not have people to confide in, but the counselling psychologist gains their trust and present them an opportunity of opening up about how they feel and think and the reasons behind such perspectives (Mueller, 2010). The counselling psychologists ask the patients questions while respecting their boundaries which is important in getting them out their shells and suggesting ways of overcoming loneliness. Lastly, most of the time the patients are capable of solving the problems on their own but all they need is moral support when things get tough for them. This what talking therapies offer to the patients as the counselling psychologist offers them an opportunity for sharing their problems and provides th em with empathy that they may not be getting from friends and family. Arguments against talking therapies used by IAPT Walker & Fincham (2011) claim that talk therapy is one of the best mechanisms available for the average individuals to deal with mental illnesses. However, one serious limitation to the therapy is that it is reliant on what the patients can remember. Most studies on talking therapies do not use the therapists or their techniques in evaluating the success of the therapy partly because most of them are written by professional counselling psychologists (Smith, 2012). Instead they focus on the willingness of their patients and their level of motivation in their quest for psychological assistance. Regardless of the techniques employed by talking therapy, it still has some inherent limitations. These limitations fall into general categories that include the level of motivation of the patient, nature of the problem and the skills of the therapists (Sturmey & Hersen, 2012). Talking therapies are not able to achieve high levels of efficiency with the low motivated and uncooperative patients. These patients too need help but none of the techniques used by talking therapies can function without the active partnership between the patients and counselling psychologists. This implies that some patients are not able to receive treatment from talking therapies. The patients that come to the counselling psychologists with the expectation of the counselling psychologists doing something to fix them often go back home disappointed and quickly terminate the treatment once they realise that the process has nothing to do with doing something to someone but rather an interactive process of doing something with someone (Walsh, 2009). As such a well-motivated patient is more likely to receive effective assistance from a poorly skilled therapist than a low motivated patient is from a well skilled therapist. Conclusion The findings of this study reveal that although talking therapies being emphasised by IAPT have registered some levels of success, they have their own inherent weaknesses that limit the efficiency of care delivery offered by counselling psychologists. Counselling psychologists rely on these recommended therapies in delivering treatment to the patients with mental illnesses but the weaknesses in IAPT reduces the level of their efficiency. The major weakness of IAPT is its over reliance on talking therapies, particularly cognitive behaviour therapy. In addition to this, it fails to cover some sections of the population. In order to improve the efficiency of IAPT it needs to include other therapies and increase its coverage to include other neglected segments of the population like children and young people. Furthermore there is still need for the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence to look into better ways of helping the counselling psychologists improve the quality of c are being offered to the patients with mental illnesses in the United Kingdom. References Barkham, M., Hardy, G. E., Mellor-Clark, J., & Wiley InterScience (Online service). (2010). Developing and delivering practice-based evidence: A guide for the psychological therapies. Chichester, West Sussex, UK: Wiley-Blackwell. Beidas, R. S., & Kendall, P. C. (2014). Dissemination and implementation of evidence-based practices in child and adolescent mental health. Oxford: Oxford university press Beinart, H., Kennedy, P., & Llewelyn, S. (2009). Clinical Psychology in Practice. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons. Bullock, I., Clark, J. M., & Rycroft-Malone, J. (2012). Adult nursing practice: Using evidence in care. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Corrie, S., & Lane, D. A. (2010). Constructing stories, telling tales: A guide to formulation in applied psychology. London: Karnac. Cowen, P., Harrison, P., & Burns, T. (2012). Shorter Oxford textbook of psychiatry. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Dartington, T. (2010). Managing vulnerability: The underlying dynamics of systems of care. London: Karnac. Garrett, V. (2010). Effective short-term counselling within the primary care setting: Psychodynamic and cognitive-behavioural therapy approaches. London: Karnac. Hersen, M., & Sturmey, P. (2012). Handbook of Evidence-Based Practice in Clinical Psychology, Child and Adolescent Disorders: Volume 1. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons. James, I. A. (2010). Cognitive behavioural therapy with older people: Interventions for those with and without dementia. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers. Lloyd, C. E., Pouwer, F., & Hermanns, N. (2013). Screening for depression and other psychological problems in diabetes: A practical guide. London: Springer. McHugh, R. K., & Barlow, D. H. (2012). Dissemination and implementation of evidence-based psychological interventions. Oxford: Oxford University Press. McQueen, D. (2008). Psychoanalytic psychotherapy after child abuse: Psychoanalytic psychotherapy in the treatment of adults and children who have experienced sexual abuse, violence, and neglect in childhood. London: Karnac. Mueller, M. (2010). Oxford guide to surviving as a CBT therapist. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Norman, I. J., & Ryrie, I. (2009). The art and science of mental health nursing: A textbook of principles and practice. Maidenhead, Berkshire, England: McGraw Hiil, Open University Press. Osimo, F., & Stein, M. J. (2012). Theory and practice of experiential dynamic psychotherapy. London: Karnac Robertson, D. (2010). The philosophy of cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT): Stoic philosophy as rational and cognitive psychotherapy. London: Karnac. Smith, G. (2012). Psychological interventions in mental health nursing. Maidenhead: Open University Press. Sturmey, P., & Hersen, M. (2012). Handbook of evidence-based practice in clinical psychology. Hoboken, N.J: John Wiley & Sons. Walker, C., & Fincham, B. (2011). Work and the mental health crisis in Britain. Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell. Walsh, L. (2009). Depression Care Across the Lifespan. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons.