Hcs 235 Week Health Care Utilization Paper - 1067 Words

Health Care Utilization Paper HCS/235: Health Care Delivery in the U.S. Health Care Reform The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010 (PPACA) was designed to decrease health care costs and require health care access to all U.S. citizens. The Act has the potential for reducing the cost of health care in the United States; however, with many risks which could possibly strain the health care system, increase debt, and decrease the quality of care many are concerned. Access to Care The PPACA was enacted in 2010; however, the Act was not completely implemented right away. The health care reform has been dispersing provisions as the years progressed. Provisions such as simply investing in new resources to fight against†¦show more content†¦Utilization Utilization management has taken a key role in the health reform act because it evaluates the need, appropriateness, and the efficiency of the health care services which will be used by the covered individual. Health insurance plans are pressured to find ways to reduce plan costs and improve the quality of care provided to their members. Utilization management efforts have reduced inappropriate services and high medical costs just by taking some time to review pre-authorizations instead of providing clinically inappropriate, out-of-network services which prevents the accurate care for patient and increases cost for plans. Today’s decision-making and support of utilizations for members are perfor med in real-time. Real-time utilization achieves the decrease of unnecessary expenses and improves member’s health. Use of unnecessary services increases the cost for plans and limits them on the amount of services they can provide to members who are in dire need of them. Universal Health Care Achieving the goal of providing health care benefits for all U.S. citizens is a goal that is not new in our health care system and still lingers to be resolved by government officials. The health reform act’s provisions are stated to achieve these goals. The MedicaidShow MoreRelatedJohn Q776 Words   |  4 PagesA Look at John Q HCS/235 History of Health Care Utilization in the US November 20, 2013 Brett Robinson A look at John Q Too poor to afford private health care insurance coverage, but lucky enough to qualify for Medicaid John Q faces yet another challenge. John’s father recently suffered a heart attack which brought into question his own mortality. John like many Americans is a working class man who works full time but still under the poverty level and into a substandard and overworked MedicaidRead MoreHealth Care Utilization Paper1143 Words   |  5 PagesHealth Care Utilization Paper Class: HCS/235 Health Care Delivery in the U.S. Option Chosen: 2 John Q In this paper we will discuss John Q. and Medicaid. John recently moved into a rural community and works a full time job. John is eligible for Medicaid due to his low income and needs to see a doctor since he has high blood pressure and recently his father had a heart attack. He has local doctors but none of them except Medicaid and the closest one he can find is a 40 minute drive awayRead MoreContemporary Issues in Management Accounting211377 Words   |  846 Pagescondition on any acquirer British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Data available Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication Data Data available Typeset by SPI Publisher Services, Pondicherry, India Printed in Great Britain on acid-free paper by Antony Rowe Ltd., Chippenham, Wiltshire ISBN 0–19–928335–4 978–0–19–928335–4 ISBN 0–19–928336–2 (Pbk.) 978–0–19–928336–1 (Pbk.) 1 3 5 7 9 10 8 6 4 2 3 FOREWORD ‘ Michael Bromwich is an exemplar of all that is good about the BritishRead MoreMerger and Acquisition: Current Issues115629 Words   |  463 Pagesprinted on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. Logging, pulping and manufacturing processes are expected to conform to the environmental regulations of the country of origin. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Mergers and acquisitions : current issues / edited by Greg N. Gregoriou and Karyn L. Neuhauser. p. cm. Includes index. ISBN 0-230-55379-6 (alk. paper) 1. ConsolidationRead More1000 Word Essay85965 Words   |  344 Pageslist will not be approved for AER assistance without the specific prior approval of HQ AER. (AR 930-4 Aug 1994 / 2-8 / PDF 9) What is the AER Motto? Page 11 / 389  © Copyright 1999-2012 ArmyStudyGuide.com Version 5.3 Helping the Army Take Care Of its Own (AR 930-4 Aug 1994 / 1-6 / PDF 5) The minimum amount that can be contributed to AER through allotment is what amount? 1 dollar each month for 3 months How is AER funded? Through Voluntary Contributions from Soldiers (tax free), through

The Renaissance A Period Of Creative Explosion - 1516 Words

The Italian renaissance was a period of creative explosion. The term renaissance symbolizes rebirth, which is exactly what occurred in Italy during this time. An entire culture was remade through art. There was a resounding interest in the classics created by ancient artists. The humanist movement encouraged the study of humanity’s history in order to create a deeper understanding of how to move forward as a society. There was a seemingly unquenchable thirst for knowledge and creation. Many new art forms developed in this period, including opera. The Florentine Camerata, a group of scholars, created early forms of opera. Claudio Monteverdi, a renaissance composer, developed opera into the art form that is still performed today. The work of the Florentine Camerata and Claudio Monteverdi worked in harmony to create and develop this new form of music. Monteverdi’s educational background, his rebellious drive to create, his serendipitous career, and his unequaled talent al lowed him to develop opera into an art form that no other composer of the time could have produced. The Florentine Camerata was a group formed during the Italian Renaissance comprised of several philosophers, scholars, and musicians. The Camerata is commonly credited with creating the earliest forms of opera. One of the main themes of the Italian Renaissance was the idea of studying the classics for the purposes of reviving them and also improving upon them. The Florentine Camerata was no exception to thatShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Langston Hughes s Poem Essay707 Words   |  3 Pagespoems were written around the Harlem Renaissance Era. Both of the poem Hughes shares learning new things and using a creative language. His poems are empowering, it speaks from a creative mind. We should study my texts because of the cultural center for Africa-American: writers, artists, musicians, photographers, poets, scholars. The poem reflects the Harlem Renaissance era. The Harlem Renaissance was a name given to the cultural, social, and artistic explosion of African Americans. It took placeRead MoreThe Renaissance, Renaissance And The Renaissance Period775 Words   |  4 Pages Renaissance is a time period that starts a transitional cultural movement in Europe between medieval times and modern times. It means rebirth and begins in 14th century and lasts into the 17th century. Through out this time, many aspects were influenced by this cultural movement, such as art, music, science, religion and politics. Renaissance was marked by the humanistic revival, and people in Europe used this method in study, in order to searched for realism and human themselves in art.Read MoreThe Harlem Renaissance Movement By Zora Neale Hurston, Langston Hughes, And Ralph Waldo Ellison931 Words   |  4 PagesKnown as one the most impactful movements on African American arts, the Harlem Renaissance Movement represent ed a period of artistic and intellectual change that initiated a new identity on black culture. Often called the â€Å"New Negro† Era, the Harlem Renaissance opened doors for African American to express themselves in the form of visual arts, musical elements, and even performing arts during the 1920s. Due to this movement, Harlem became the city that â€Å"gave African Americans a physical culturalRead MoreArt Of The Renaissance : Questions And Vocabulary1283 Words   |  6 PagesAssignment 12.5 (Art in the Renaissance) Assignment- Questions and Vocabulary Terms: Giotto, Masaccio, Botticelli, Perspective, Guild, Artisan, Apprentice, Patron, High Renaissance, Pope Julius II, Michelangelo, Northern Renaissance, madrigal. 1) Giotti di Bondone (1266-1337) was an Italian artist and architect from Florence in the very late Middle Ages. He is considered to be one of the most important artists in Italy because he contributed greatly to the Renaissance style of painting and art inRead MoreCreative Movement, Harlem Renaissance, Helped Black People Express Themselves1150 Words   |  5 Pagessearch of a better life. The time period when millions of black Americans abandoned their old southern lives and migrated to cities in the Northeast, Midwest, and West is known as the Great Migration. (Wilkerson). Once settled in these cities, African Americans were pleased find that they were able to express themselves through art, literature, and music. This creative movement was known as the Harlem Renaissance. The Great Migration influenced the Harlem Renaissance because it led African AmericansRead MoreLangston Hughes : The Black Writers Of The Harlem Renaissance1488 Words   |  6 Pagestraditions eventually lead to an explosion of Black creativity in music, literature and the arts which became known as the Harlem Renaissance. As with many transitional time periods in United states History, the Harlem Renaissance had its share of success stories. One of the well-known writers of the 1900’S is Langston Hughes. While many writers focused on one style or category of writing, Langston Hughes is the most versatile of all of the writers from the Harlem Renaissance. While the state of MissouriRead MoreAnalysis Of Langston Hughes And His Harlem Dream1639 Words   |  7 PagesGreat Migration. Many Southern African-Americans migrated to a place called Harlem and this is where the Harlem renaissance originated from. The Harlem renaissance began just after the first world war and lasted into the early years of the great depression. Harlem became the cynosure for blues and jazz and birthed forth a Negro Artist era called the Harlem Renaissance. The Harlem Renaissance brought about uniqueness and the celebration of individuality and ethnic pride among African Americans; everythingRead MoreThe Writing Style Of Langston Hughes1001 Words   |  5 PagesAn artist must be free to choose what he does, certainly, but he must also never be afraid to do what he must choose.† Freedom of creative expression, whether personal or collective, is one of the many legacies of Hughes, who has been called â€Å"the architect† of the black poetic traditio n. He is certainly one of the world’s most universally beloved poets, read by children and teachers, scholars and poets, musicians and historians. Langston Hughes became the voice of black America in the 1920s, whenRead MoreThe Harlem Renaissance- a Black Cultural Revolution2021 Words   |  9 PagesThe Harlem Renaissance- A Black Cultural Revolution James Weldon Johnson once said that Harlem is indeed the great Mecca for the sight-seer; the pleasure seeker, the curious, the adventurous, the enterprising, the ambitious and the talented of the whole Negro world.(Harlem Renaissance) When one thinks of the Harlem Renaissance, one thinks of the great explosion of creativity bursting from the talented minds of African-Americans in the 1920s. Although principally thought of as an African-AmericanRead MoreLangston Hughes And His Harlem Dream1902 Words   |  8 PagesLangston Hughes and His Harlem Dream An explosion of written and artistic creativity, a time of social awareness and enlightenment among the black race. The Harlem Renaissance, originally known as ‘The New Negro Movement’, began after the first world war and lasted until the middle of the 1930’s depression. Harlem became a destination for African Americans throughout the early 1900’s as part of the great migration. As more blacks made Harlem their home, it increasingly became well known as an African

Impact of Nationalism Free Essays

The rise of nationalism in Zambia started with the formation of welfare societies as it advanced to trade union as well as to the formation of political parties which led to people identify themselves as belong to one race. The first welfare society was formed by Donald Siwale and was called Mwenzu welfare society in 1912, in 1939, the formation of northern Rhodesia African union workers took root, and the second world war speeded up nationalism. In 1946, the Federation of African Welfare Societies was formed. We will write a custom essay sample on Impact of Nationalism or any similar topic only for you Order Now Two years later the Mineworkers Union was created and in the same year the Federation of African Welfare Societies reformed itself as the Northern Rhodesia African Nationalist Congress (ANC), under the leadership of Harry Nkumbula. A union for railway workers was established in 1949. In 1958, some members broke away from ANC and formed ZANC and Kenneth Kaunda become the leader and the part was banned. And the following year in 1959, UNIP was formed. There were violent uprising and acts of sabotage caused by UNIP and in 1964, Zambia become sovereign state Nationalism has had the affirmative impact to the Zambian culture as it transcended regional and ethnic division and spanned the colony, this helped the people to fight for their rights. The struggle for independence along region and ethnic group groups would have being difficult and delay the attainment of freedom from the colonial rules but the integration of different ethnic groups and region gave birth to a new state. Nationalism in its historical context can be defined as an ideological movement aimed at attaining and maintaining the identity and unity through social cohesion and autonomy through national self-determination of a â€Å"nation,† or a peoples united under a â€Å"national† banner ( Nationalism has also being defined as the attitude that the members of a nation have when they care about their national identity, and the actions that the members of a nation take when seeking to achieve or sustain self-determination. Nationalism in a wider sense is any complex of attitudes, claims and directives for action ascribing a fundamental political, moral and cultural value to nation and nationality and deriving obligations (for individual members of the nation, and for any involved third parties, individual or collective) from this ascribed value. There is a fair amount of agreement about what is historically the most paradigmatic form of nationalism. It is the one which features the supremacy of the nation’s claims over other claims to individual allegiance, and which features full sovereignty as the persistent aim of its political program, therefore nationalism has a positive impact on Zambia’s culture as it makes citizens realise that individual duties and loyalty are less important compared to national duties and loyalty. Adding to this is that citizen will accept the autonomy of their government and its responsibility. Nationalism is essential as it safeguard the moral life of communities since it is the only form of political institution capable of protecting communities from the threats of globalization and assimilation, for example, the introduction of gay rights has being in vain as the culture of Zambia does not support it as it is considered to be immoral. Nationalism has positively impacted on Zambian culture as it provide an overall sense of unity across all groups and acceptance of all human beings across the country, everyone feels attached to the unitary state and there is no tribal or individuals who are superior than others, nationalism has instil to every Zambian the spirit of Zambian identity despite of their region and ethnic belonging, for instance, to avoid tribalism and regionalism, DR Kaunda introduced the a system where he disseminated the ethnic groups into different areas despite of ethnic or region group one belonged, everyone one had a sense of belonging, identity and a spirit of Zambian where ever they were sent. Therefore nationalism has impacted the culture of acceptance among Zambians. Nationalism promotes liberty through national self-determination which is a form of positive liberty, the ability to make decisions and take actions that express what is a national value. Second, nationalism may also support the positive liberty of individuals. The negative impact of nationalism to Zambian culture is that the members of minority group are often disadvantaged in relation to a dominant culture because they have to rely on those with the same beliefs, custom and culture to conduct the affairs of daily life. Since freedom to conduct one’s daily life is a primary good, and it is difficult to change or give up reliance on one’s minority culture to attain that good, this reliance can lead to certain inequalities if special measures are not taken. Spontaneous nation-building by the majority has to be moderated The stand out point on the depressing impact of nationalism to Zambian culture is that it has to conflict, those who are not in support of the dominant culture had crushed with the government and the majority. For instance, in late July and early August some 10,000 Lumpa church members in the Northern Province, revolted. The religious sect, which combines African and Christian beliefs, was ruled by Alice Lenshina, formerly a Presbyterian. By forbidding Lumpas to join political parties, she had been responsible for previous clashes with the UNIP. A resettling of Lumpa villages by the government touched off the revolt. After being taken into custody, Alice Lenshina ordered her followers to lay down their arms, but not before there were over 600 dead, 350 wounded, and 5,000 homeless How to cite Impact of Nationalism, Papers

Impact of Nationalism Free Essays

The rise of nationalism in Zambia started with the formation of welfare societies as it advanced to trade union as well as to the formation of political parties which led to people identify themselves as belong to one race. The first welfare society was formed by Donald Siwale and was called Mwenzu welfare society in 1912, in 1939, the formation of northern Rhodesia African union workers took root, and the second world war speeded up nationalism. In 1946, the Federation of African Welfare Societies was formed. We will write a custom essay sample on Impact of Nationalism or any similar topic only for you Order Now Two years later the Mineworkers Union was created and in the same year the Federation of African Welfare Societies reformed itself as the Northern Rhodesia African Nationalist Congress (ANC), under the leadership of Harry Nkumbula. A union for railway workers was established in 1949. In 1958, some members broke away from ANC and formed ZANC and Kenneth Kaunda become the leader and the part was banned. And the following year in 1959, UNIP was formed. There were violent uprising and acts of sabotage caused by UNIP and in 1964, Zambia become sovereign state Nationalism has had the affirmative impact to the Zambian culture as it transcended regional and ethnic division and spanned the colony, this helped the people to fight for their rights. The struggle for independence along region and ethnic group groups would have being difficult and delay the attainment of freedom from the colonial rules but the integration of different ethnic groups and region gave birth to a new state. Nationalism in its historical context can be defined as an ideological movement aimed at attaining and maintaining the identity and unity through social cohesion and autonomy through national self-determination of a â€Å"nation,† or a peoples united under a â€Å"national† banner ( Nationalism has also being defined as the attitude that the members of a nation have when they care about their national identity, and the actions that the members of a nation take when seeking to achieve or sustain self-determination. Nationalism in a wider sense is any complex of attitudes, claims and directives for action ascribing a fundamental political, moral and cultural value to nation and nationality and deriving obligations (for individual members of the nation, and for any involved third parties, individual or collective) from this ascribed value. There is a fair amount of agreement about what is historically the most paradigmatic form of nationalism. It is the one which features the supremacy of the nation’s claims over other claims to individual allegiance, and which features full sovereignty as the persistent aim of its political program, therefore nationalism has a positive impact on Zambia’s culture as it makes citizens realise that individual duties and loyalty are less important compared to national duties and loyalty. Adding to this is that citizen will accept the autonomy of their government and its responsibility. Nationalism is essential as it safeguard the moral life of communities since it is the only form of political institution capable of protecting communities from the threats of globalization and assimilation, for example, the introduction of gay rights has being in vain as the culture of Zambia does not support it as it is considered to be immoral. Nationalism has positively impacted on Zambian culture as it provide an overall sense of unity across all groups and acceptance of all human beings across the country, everyone feels attached to the unitary state and there is no tribal or individuals who are superior than others, nationalism has instil to every Zambian the spirit of Zambian identity despite of their region and ethnic belonging, for instance, to avoid tribalism and regionalism, DR Kaunda introduced the a system where he disseminated the ethnic groups into different areas despite of ethnic or region group one belonged, everyone one had a sense of belonging, identity and a spirit of Zambian where ever they were sent. Therefore nationalism has impacted the culture of acceptance among Zambians. Nationalism promotes liberty through national self-determination which is a form of positive liberty, the ability to make decisions and take actions that express what is a national value. Second, nationalism may also support the positive liberty of individuals. The negative impact of nationalism to Zambian culture is that the members of minority group are often disadvantaged in relation to a dominant culture because they have to rely on those with the same beliefs, custom and culture to conduct the affairs of daily life. Since freedom to conduct one’s daily life is a primary good, and it is difficult to change or give up reliance on one’s minority culture to attain that good, this reliance can lead to certain inequalities if special measures are not taken. Spontaneous nation-building by the majority has to be moderated The stand out point on the depressing impact of nationalism to Zambian culture is that it has to conflict, those who are not in support of the dominant culture had crushed with the government and the majority. For instance, in late July and early August some 10,000 Lumpa church members in the Northern Province, revolted. The religious sect, which combines African and Christian beliefs, was ruled by Alice Lenshina, formerly a Presbyterian. By forbidding Lumpas to join political parties, she had been responsible for previous clashes with the UNIP. A resettling of Lumpa villages by the government touched off the revolt. After being taken into custody, Alice Lenshina ordered her followers to lay down their arms, but not before there were over 600 dead, 350 wounded, and 5,000 homeless How to cite Impact of Nationalism, Papers

UK and USA during the period 2000

Introduction Real effective exchange rate (REER) is a measure of value of a country’s currency in relation to other major world currencies in the index aimed at countering effects of inflation. Such currencies include euro, US dollar and others. The measure is obtained by looking at the trade balance which is the difference between a country’s imports and exports in comparison with currencies of other countries in the same index.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on UK and USA during the period 2000-2010: consumer price index (CPI), unemployment rate, money supply and interest rate specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In the world markets, there usually exist a relationship between the real effective exchange rates and various microeconomic variables such as consumer price index (CPI), unemployment rate, money supply and interest rate. In this paper UK and USA have been considered as the study areas between the years 2000 and 2010. Real effective exchange rate, CPI, Interest Rates, Money supply, Unemployment in US Just like in other countries, US have been experiencing changes in the economic variables such as the real effective exchange rates, consumer price index, interest rates, money supply and the unemployment rates. Generally, these factors have been affected by changes in global economic trends that have also facilitated the government to effect monetary and fiscal policies to mitigate adverse effects. The monetary policy has been regulated by changes in interest rates, devaluation of currencies and regulation in money supply. CPI and Unemployment rates The US economy has had an increasing inflation rates and unemployment rates, 4.0 and 3.4 per cent respectively in year 2000 (Econedlink). This was because the economy was recovering from a serious inflation that had affected the economy towards the end of 1999. The inflation decreased slightly in 2001 to 2.8 as the price s of commodities stabilized (Econedlink). However, the unemployment rate remained high at 4.3 per cent due to lack of enough employment opportunities. The CPI continued to decrease till 2004, as the unemployment rates increased to 5.8 per cent in the same year. Thereafter, the inflation rates increased slightly to 3.4 per cent and unemployment rates decreased slightly to 5.8 per cent (Econedlink). The two variables remained slightly stable, until in 2009 when the world experienced financial crisis. The CPI was at its lowest point at -0.4 per cent while the unemployment rate recorded the highest figure of 9.3 per cent (Econedlink). This scenario coincides with Cencini who illustrates that an inverse correlation exists between inflation and unemployment (41).Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More He further adds that an increase in inflation as depicted by increase in CPI c auses reduction in the economic performances that forces employees to be sent home. Sauert asserts that CPI is often included in the interest rates changes and therefore only the unexpected change affect prices (7). During the 2008-2010 financial crises, many employees were rendered jobless thus increasing the number of the unemployed in the country. Money supply, real exchange rate and interest rates As the business cycle changed, the Federal Reserve changed the monetary policy to suite the prevailing economic condition. When the country experiences inflation, the Federal Reserve strives to reduce the amount of money in circulation by increasing exchange rates and vice versa. Despite the several business inflation that has been experienced in the last one decade the US REEL has remind relatively stable compared to other major currencies. According to the global rates report, the US interest rates were decreasing from 2000 to 2004 where the rates decreased from 7 per cent to 1 per c ent in year 2004. This drastic reduction was employed to encourage borrowing by the general public in an attempt to overturn economic slump that was experienced during this time. The interest then increased steadily to 5 per cent in 2005 and 2006. This monetary measure was meant to reduce the amount of money that was in circulation. The large amount of money in circulation caused the consumer price index to go high due to large amount of money that was chasing few goods in the market. Sauret contends that increase in money stock increases chances of inflation in the future (6). Later the economic trend experienced sharp decrease to the current rate of less than 1 per cent as shown in the graph below which was extracted from the global-rates. A graph showing interest rates Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on UK and USA during the period 2000-2010: consumer price index (CPI), unemployment rate, money supply and interest rate specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Available from http://www.global-rates.com/interest-rates/libor/american-dollar/2000.aspx Despite the many economic turns that have been experienced, the economy has experienced a stable REER over the years as shown by the graph below. The stable REEL has been influenced by a stable strength of the dollar that has been prevailing over the period. The stable value of the dollar has also been attributed to favorable terms of trade that has been experienced by the US. This report also reveals that stability in real effective exchange rate has helped the country to achieve better economic performances. To many economists, stable PEER shows that the economy is performing better compared to other competing economies. In addition it is also right to suggest that the US economy to a great extent managed to deal with inflation and hence managing to contain the value of the dollar. This information is shown by the graph below. Future of US C hina trade.com. Real effective exchange rates, U.S. and China 1993-2010. 13 Jan 2011. 13 Apr 2011. Available from http://www.futureofuschinatrade.com/fact/real-effective-exchange-rates-us-and-china-2000-2010.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Real effective exchange rate, CPI, Interest Rates, Money supply, Unemployment in UK Although UK is known for its strong economy that is reflected by the strong value of its currency (Sterling Pound), the economy has had its fair share of economic challenges. From 2000 to 2010 the UK economy has been affected by variations in economic variables such the REEL, increased CPI and Interest rates which have resulted to an increase in unemployment rates. Walayat (2010) asserts that these economic variables have been greatly affected by economic cycles such as depression and financial crisis that has been prevalent over the period. The graph below show how various economic variable changes in this period. The graph below shows money supply varied in the period 2009.   Available from http://www.global-rates.com/interest-rates/libor/american-dollar/2000.aspx Interest Rates The UK interest rates were strongly affected by the Credit crisis especially during the 2007-2009, during this period, the UK economy recorded the lowest ever level of interset rates (Walayat). The trend reveal that the growth in the Interest rates have been decreasing between 2000 to 2003 where the rates changed from 6 % to 4.0 and 3.8 per cent respectively, later the interest rates started increasing steadily till the end of 2008 where interest rates were at a peak of 6 per cent. Thereafter, the interest rates dropped drastically to 0.5 percent in 2010 (Walayat). Sauert explains that CPI is usually incorporated in the interest rates and therefore change in interset rates also affects the prices of commodities (93). A decrease in interest rates was accompanied by an increase unemployment rates. As the interest rates dropped, the CPI increased, this reveals that the economy was not performing well and the government strived to boost economic performance by lowering interest rates. This was only possible by employing monitary policies that included economic injections. The government strived to incr ease money supply in order to allow public borrowing. This trend was experienced from 2000 to 2003, as the UK’s economy performances stabilized the real effective exchange rate was increasing as the value of pound increased steadily compared to other major currencies. The trend in economic performance reveals that the UK government does not react in time to changes in interest rates (Walayat). It is evident that when the inflation is at the peak, the interest rate remains in the opposite direction. For instance, since economic forecast reveals the inflation has come to an end, the Bank of England is anticipated to continue raising interest rates to meet this trend. Available from http://www.global-rates.com/interest-rates/libor/american-dollar/2000.aspx Fisher reveals that UK’s CPI has generally been increasing from 2000 to 2010; however, the first three years experienced an intermittent trend of increase and decrease (2). The CPI index for 2000 to 2006 was below six percent but poor economic growth resulted to an increase in the CPI beyond the 2 percent mark. Since CPI measures the changes in the consumer price index, the UK economy was facing a problem in dealing with escalating inflation rate. Since the cost of production was high, firms and other organizations sacked some employees to cut down on the escalating costs. Thus the unemployment level increased steadily, CPI and unemployment moves in the opposite direction (Arnold 128). Bootle (7) reveals that the UK exchange rate has remained high over the stipulated time frame, the sterling pound value increased steadily from 2000 to 2004 whereas; the exchange rate remained high thereafter. The stability in REEL was attributed to the steady foreign exchange conducted by the UK and its economic partners. However, the emergency of financial crisis in 2008-2010 has adversely affected the stability due to the changes in the strengths of other currencies (Fisher 8). The UK economy has been shaken by the recessionary trend that has resulted to various actions that have been taken by the government and other economic institutions. Fisher reports that most firms in UK have strived to retain employees rather than fire them despite the tough economic trend prevailing (4). However, most firms have opted to reduce wage rates and working hours as an attempt to cope with inflation, simply because of the few number of people were getting employed as compared to the those losing their jobs, the unemployment rate was steadily increasing. Agenor (2004) although inflation (CPI) and unemployment rate work in different direction, hyper inflation usually forces unemployment and the CPI to move in the same direction in a situation called inflation trap (215). This has been the situation with the UK economy, whereby it has been experiencing high CPI and high unemployment rates during this period (Bottle 22). Conclusion In both countries the business cycles have affected the entire economic variab les that were in consideration. The main thing that has triggered the variation in these economic variables is inflation and global financial crisis. The most notable one is the economic crisis of 2008-2010 that resulted to high inflation rates that was also accompanied by high unemployment rates. Occurrences of this economic turn prompt the Federal Reserve and the Bank of England to alter the money supply in the countries. On the other hand PEER is mainly affected by the balance of trade and the financial markets. Works Cited Agenor, Pierre-Richard. The economics of adjustment and growth. San Juan, Unitedn States La Editorial, UPR: 2004. Print. Arnold, Roger. Macroeconomics. San Franscisco: Cengage Learning, 2007. Print. Bootle, Roger. The economic and financial outlook. n. d. 12 April, 2011. https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=vq=cache:gMtIWsIVxOMJ:www.thepfs.org /pfsimages/conference/powerpoint_shows/Roger_Bootle.pps+UK %27s+CPI+trend+from+20002010hl=engl=kepid=blsrcid=ADGEESh4y_Lt2 v-6u-5bD38GGBYQOVP21_5wQPpT8LVHIlweO7l27zUi-THSdtCEnauBwjFmAc-3TEDW5sLk8czjDET6CwNAu8ujvJf3qgYtAFtTuF51ICdapcEE9ZGPmcYh9bBqYOVNsig=AHIEtbQTGAfv29wRA4ZzIBy0dMrUj9yQVA Cencini, Alvaro. Inflation and unemployment: contributions to a new macroeconomic.London: Routledge, 1996. Print. Econedlink. Focus on Economic Data. December 2010. 13 April, 2011 http://www.econedlink.org/lessons/index.php?lid=983type=student Fisher, Paul, Why is CPI inflation so high? Liverpool: Bank of England. June 2010. 13 Apr, 2011 http://www.bankofengland.co.uk/publications/speeches/2010/speech438.pdf Future of US China trade.com. Real effective exchange rates, U.S. and China 1993-2010. Jan 2011. 13 Apr, 2011. http://www.futureofuschinatrade.com/fact/real-effective-exchange-rates-us-and-china-2000-2010 Global-Rates. US dollar rates 2000. n.d. 13 Apr, 2011. http://www.global-rates.com/interest-rates/libor/american-dollar/2000.aspx Sauret, Dennis. Do macroeconomic variables have an effect on the US stock market? N orderstedt: Grin, 2002. Print. Walayat, Nadeem. UK Interest Rate Forecast 2010 and 2011. Jan 2010.13 Apr, 2011. http://www.marketoracle.co.uk/Article16450.html This research paper on UK and USA during the period 2000-2010: consumer price index (CPI), unemployment rate, money supply and interest rate was written and submitted by user Cypher to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Laws That Protect Your Right to Vote

Laws That Protect Your Right to Vote No American who is qualified to vote should ever be denied the right and opportunity to do so. That seems so simple. So basic. How can government by the people work if certain groups of the people are not allowed to vote? Unfortunately, in our nations history, some people have been, either intentionally or unintentionally, denied their right to vote. Today, four federal laws, all enforced by the U.S. Department of Justice, work in concert to ensure that all Americans are allowed to register to vote and enjoy an equal opportunity to cast a ballot on election day. Preventing Racial Discrimination in Voting For many years some states enforced laws clearly intended to prevent minority citizens from voting. Laws requiring voters to pass reading or intelligence tests, or pay a poll-tax denied the right to vote the most basic right in our form of democracy to untold thousands of citizens until the enactment of the Voting Rights Act of 1965. Also See: How to Report Voter Rights Violations The Voting Rights Act protects every American against racial discrimination in voting. It also ensures the right to vote to people for whom English is a second language. The Voting Rights Act applies to elections for any political office or ballot issue held anywhere in the nation. Most recently, the federal courts have used the Voting Rights Act to end practices amounting to racial discrimination in the way some states elected their legislative bodies, and chose their election judges and other polling place officials. Voter Photo ID Laws Twelve states now have laws requiring voters to show some form of photo identification in order to vote, with about 13 more considering similar laws. The federal courts are currently struggling to decide whether some or all of these laws violate the Voting Rights Act. More states moved to adopt photo ID voting laws in 2013, after the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the Voting Rights Act did not allow the U.S. Department of Justice to automatically apply federal oversight of new election laws in states with histories of racial discrimination. While supporters of photo voter ID laws argue that they help prevent voter fraud, critics like the American Civil Liberties Union, cite studies showing that up to 11% of Americans lack an acceptable form of photo ID. Persons most likely to not have acceptable photo ID include minorities, elderly and disabled persons, and financially disadvantaged persons. State photo voter ID laws come in two forms: strict and non-strict. In strict photo ID law states, voters without an accepted form photo ID – driver’s license, state ID, passport, etc. are not allowed to cast a valid ballot. Instead, they are allowed to fill out â€Å"provisional† ballots, which remain uncounted until they are able to produce an accepted ID. If the voter does not produce a an accepted ID within a short period of time after the election, their ballot is never counted. In non-strict photo ID law states, voters without an accepted form photo ID are allowed to use alternative types of validation, such as signing an affidavit swearing to their identification or having a poll worker or election official vouch for them. In August 2015, a federal appeals court ruled that a Texas strict voter ID law discriminated against black and Hispanic voters and thus violated the Voting Rights Act. One of the strictest in the nation, the law required voters to produce a Texas driver’s license; U.S. passport; a concealed-handgun permit; or an election identification certificate issued by the State Department of Public Safety. While the Voting Rights Act still prohibits states from enacting laws intended to disenfranchise minority voters, whether photo ID laws do so or not, remains to be determined by the courts. Gerrymandering Gerrymandering is the process of employing the process of â€Å"apportionment† to improperly redraw the boundaries of state and local election districts in a way that tends to predetermine the results of elections by diluting the voting power of certain groups of people. For example, gerrymandering has been used in the past to â€Å"break up† election districts populated by mainly black voters, thus lessening the chances of black candidates being elected to local and state offices. Unlike photo ID laws, gerrymandering almost always violates the Voting Rights Act, because it typically targets minority voters. Equal Access to the Polls for Disabled Voters Approximately 1 in five eligible American voters has a disability. Failing to provide disabled persons easy and equal access to polling places is against the law. The  Help America Vote Act of 2002  requires the states to ensure that voting systems, including voting machines and ballots, and polling places are accessible to people with disabilities. In addition, the law require that assistance at the polling place is available to people with limited English skills. As of Jan. 1, 2006, every voting precinct in the nation is required to have at least one voting machine available and accessible to persons with disabilities. Equal access is defined as providing persons with disabilities the same opportunity for participation in voting, including privacy, independence and assistance, afforded other voters. To help in evaluating a precincts compliance with the Help America Vote Act of 2002, the Justice Department provides this handy  checklist for polling places. Voter Registration Made Easy The National Voter Registration Act of 1993, also called the Motor Voter law, requires all states to offer voter registration and assistance at all offices where people apply for drivers licenses, public benefits or other government services. The law also prohibits the states from removing voters from the registration rolls simply because they have not voted. The states are also required to ensure the timeliness of their voter registration rolls by regularly removing voters who have died or moved. Our Soldiers Right to Vote The Uniformed and Overseas Citizens Absentee Voting Act of 1986 requires the states to ensure that all members of the U.S. armed forces who are stationed away from home, and citizens who are living overseas, can register and vote absentee in federal elections.

Electoral Votes by State for 2020

Electoral Votes by State for 2020 The number of Electoral College votes to be cast by each state was last adjusted by state population totals from the 2010 decennial census conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau. Results of the decennial census are also used in apportionment – the process by which the 435 seats in the U.S. House of Representatives is divided among the states. Here is the list of electoral votes to be cast by each state in the 2020 presidential election. Alabama - 9, unchanged. The states population increased by 332,636 or 7.5 percent to 4,779,736 in 2010.Alaska - 3, unchanged. The states population increased by 83,299 or 13.3 percent to 710,231 in 2010.Arizona - 11, an increase of 1 electoral vote. The states population increased by 1,261,385 or 24.6 percent to 6,392,017 in 2010.Arkansas - 6, unchanged. The states population increased by 242,518 or 9.1 percent to 2,915,918 in 2010.California - 55, unchanged. The states population increased by 3,382,308 or 10 percent to 37,253,956 in 2010.Colorado - 9, unchanged. The states population increased by 727,935 or 16.9 percent to 5,029,196 in 2010.Connecticut - 7, unchanged. The states population increased by 168,532 or 4.9 percent to 3,574,097 in 2010.Delaware - 3, unchanged. The states population increased by 114,334 or 14.6 percent to 897,934 in 2010.District of Columbia - 3, unchanged. The states population increased by 29,664 or 5.2 percent to 601,723 in 2010.Florida - 29, an increase of 2 electoral votes. The states population increased by 2,818,932 or 17.6 percent to 18,801,310 in 2010. Georgia - 16, an increase of 1 electoral vote. The states population increased by 1,501,200 or 18.3 percent to 9,687,653 in 2010.Hawaii - 4, unchanged. The states population increased by 148,764 or 12.3 percent to 1,360,301 in 2010.Idaho - 4, unchanged. The states population increased by 273,629 or 21.1 percent to 1,567,582 in 2010.Illinois - 20, a decrease of 1 electoral vote. The states population increased by 411,339 or 3.3 percent to 12,830,632 in 2010.Indiana - 11, unchanged. The states population increased by 403,317 or 6.6. percent to 6,483,802 in 2010.Iowa - 6, a decrease of 1 electoral vote. The states population increased by 120,031 or 4.1 percent to 3,046,355 in 2010.Kansas - 6, unchanged. The states population increased by 164,700 or 6.1 percent to 2,853,118 in 2010.Kentucky - 8, unchanged. The states population increased by 297,598 or 7.4 percent to 4,339,367 in 2011.Louisiana - 8, a decrease of 1 electoral vote. The states population increased by 64,396 or 1.4 percent t o 4,533,372 in 2010. Maine - 4, unchanged. The states population increased by 53,438 or 4.2 percent to 1,328,361 in 2010.Maryland - 10, unchanged. The states population increased by 477,066 or 9 percent to 5,773,552 in 2010.Massachusetts - 11, a decrease of 1 electoral vote. The states population increased by 198,532 or 3.1 percent to 6,547,629 in 2010.Michigan - 16, a decrease of 1 electoral vote. The states population fell by 54,804 or 0.6 percent to 9,883,640 in 2010.Minnesota - 10, unchanged. The states population increased by 384,446 or 7.8 percent to 5,303,925 in 2010.Mississippi - 6, unchanged. The states population increased by 122,639 or 4.3 percent to 2,967,297 in 2010.Missouri - 10, a decrease of 1 electoral vote. The states population increased by 393,716 or 7 percent to 5,988,927 in 2010.Montana - 3, unchanged. The states population increased by 87,220 or 9.7 percent to 989,415 in 2010.Nebraska - 5, unchanged. The states population increased by 115,078 or 6.7 percent to 1,826,341 in 2010. Nevada - 6, an increase of 1 electoral vote. The states population increased by 702,294 or 35.1 percent to 2,700,551 in 2010.New Hampshire - 4, unchanged. The states population increased by 80,684 6.5 percent to 1,316,470 in 2010.New Jersey - 14, a decrease of 1 electoral vote. The states population increased by 377,544 or 4.5 percent to 8,791,894 in 2010.New Mexico - 5, unchanged. The states population increased by 240,133 or 13.2 percent to 2,059,179 in 2010.New York - 29, a decrease of 2 electoral votes. The states population increased by 401,645 or 2.1 percent to 19,378,102 in 2010.North Carolina - 15, unchanged. The states population increased by 1,486,170 or 18.5 percent to 9,535,483 in 2010.North Dakota - 3, unchanged. The states population increased by 30,391 or 4.7 percent to 672,591 in 2010.Ohio - 18, a decrease of 2 electoral votes. The states population increased by 183,364 or 1.6 percent to 11,536,504 in 2010.Oklahoma - 7, unchanged. The states population increased by 30 0,697 or 8.7 percent to 3,751,351 in 2010. Oregon - 7, unchanged. The states population increased by 409,675 or 12 percent to 3,831,074 in 2010.Pennsylvania - 20, a decrease of 1 electoral vote. The states population increased by 421,325 or 3.4 percent to 12,702,379 in 2010.Rhode Island - 4, unchanged. The states population increased by 4,248 or 0.4 percent to 1,052,567 in 2010.South Carolina - 9, an increase of 1 electoral vote. The states population increased by 613,352 or 15.3 percent to 4,625,364 in 2010.South Dakota - 3, unchanged. The states population increased by 59,336 or 7.9 percent to 814,180 in 2010.Tennessee - 11, unchanged. The states population increased by 656,822 or 11.5 percent to 6,346,105 in 2010.Texas - 38, an increase of 4 electoral votes. The states population increased by 4,293,741 or 20.6 percent to 25,145,561 in 2010.Utah - 6, an increase of 1 electoral vote. The states population increased by 530,716 or 23.8 percent to 2,763,885 in 2010.Vermont - 3, unchanged. The states population increased by 16,9 14 or 2.8 percent to 625,741 in 2010. Virginia - 13, unchanged. The states population increased by 922,509 or 13 percent to 8,001,024 in 2010.Washington - 12, an increase of 1 electoral vote. The states population increased by 830,419 or 14.1 percent to 6,724,540 in 2010.West Virginia - 5, unchanged. The states population increased by 44,650 or 2.5 percent to 1,852,994 in 2010.Wisconsin - 10, unchanged. The states population increased by 323,311 or 6 percent to 5,686,986 in 2010.Wyoming - 3, unchanged. The states population increased by 69,844 or 14.1 percent to 563,626 in 2010. While it will not change their number of Electoral College votes, population changes in three key presidential battleground states since the 2016 election could affect their influence on the outcome of the 2020 election. The continued population boom in Florida (29 electoral votes) all but assures its long-held status as a key swing-state. Arizona (11 electoral votes) jumps onto the list of 2020 swing states, while Nevada’s (6 electoral votes) record-setting growth between 2017 and 2018 could place the state even further out of reach for President Donald Trump’s reelection campaign. How the 2020 Census Could Change the Electoral Map While it will not affect the 2020 state-by-state Electoral College vote, the results of the 2020 U.S. Census could transform the electoral map going forward. The resulting decennial reapportionment process promises to reshape the political makeup of the House of Representatives in 2022 and the Electoral College for the 2024 presidential election. Updated by Robert Longley